Centre Number For Examiner’s Use Candidate Number Surname Other Names Examiner’s Initials Candidate Signature Question General Certificate of Secondary Education Higher Tier January 2013 Science A BL1HP H Unit Biology B1 Biology Unit Biology B1 Wednesday 9 January 2013 9.00 am to 10.00 am Mark 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TOTAL For this paper you must have: a ruler. You may use a calculator. Time allowed 1 hour Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the
Premium Tide
Polysaccharide Biotechnology essay “It has been claimed that polysaccharides are relatively simple substances without much variety in terms of their structure and their application in an industrial or medical contact.” Write an essay giving a reasoned treatise why you do or do not agree with this statement. In your answer‚ compare and contrast the structure‚ costs of production‚ possibility for chemical/enzymatic modification and the industrial applications of two structural polysaccharides (such
Premium Polysaccharide Cell wall Cellulose
CERTIFICATION This project report is certified by the supervisor and approved by the head of department of chemical engineering. Supervisor: HOD: Date: Date: DEDICATION This project work is dedicated to God Almighty‚ the Source of all wisdom‚ to him glory and honour be forever Amen. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my profound gratitude to all my lecturers‚ especially the Head of Department (HOD) Chemical
Premium PH Acetic acid Ester
P H A R M A C EU TIC A L S O LU TIO N S PA R T I Pharmaceutical Technology II PHAR 2332 LEARN IN G O BJECTIVES At the end of the lecture‚ the students should be able to; 1. Define pharmaceutical solutions. 2. Discuss the advantages & drawbacks of pharmaceutical solutions as dosage form. 3. Explain the formulation components in pharmaceutical solutions. 4. Describe types of pharmaceutical solutions. Solutions are: Dosage forms prepared by dissolving the active ingredient(s) in an aqueous or
Premium Concentration Ethanol Solution
Difco & BBL Manual Manual of Microbiological Culture Media Second Edition Editors Mary Jo Zimbro‚ B.S.‚ MT (ASCP) David A. Power‚ Ph.D. Sharon M. Miller‚ B.S.‚ MT (ASCP) George E. Wilson‚ MBA‚ B.S.‚ MT (ASCP) Julie A. Johnson‚ B.A. BD Diagnostics – Diagnostic Systems 7 Loveton Circle Sparks‚ MD 21152 Copyright 2009 Becton‚ Dickinson and Company 7 Loveton Circle P.O. Box 999 Sparks‚ Maryland 21152 ISBN 0-9727207-1-5 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America AOAC
Premium Growth medium Bacteria Microbiology
Staphylococcus aureus‚ were grown singly and mixed on four different types of agar in order to observe the varying morphologies within the colonies. Resulting data was analyzed to provide understanding of the use of differing culture media and conditions for bacterial growth. RESULTSFour different agar types were used in this experiment. The first (Nutrient) allowed for growth of both E. coli and S. aureus. The second agar used (MKL) inhibited the growth of S. aureus but allowed the growth of E. coli
Premium Bacteria Microbiology Staphylococcus
| GRAM-POSITIVE BACTERIA * Alpha and gamma hemolysis on blood agar * Bacillus cereus colonies on blood agar * Beta-hemolysis on blood agar (S.aureus) * Beta-hemolysis on blood agar * Beta-hemolytic colonies on blood agar * Clostridium perfringens Gram stain * Corynebacterium diphtheriae Gram stain * Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis on blood agar * Enterococcus faecalis * Enterococcus faecalis on blood agar * Enterococcus faecalis Gram stain * Enterococcus faecalis SEM
Premium Streptococcus Bacteria Microbiology
INTRODUCTION The name agar originated from the Malay word “Agar-agar”‚ For the sake of simplicity agar-agar was shortened to just agar and is now accepted universally whether in the food and other industries. The use of agar became widespread in Indonesia‚ Malaysia‚ China‚ and Korea‚ where people called it Agar-Agar‚ which means seaweed. Its introduction to Europe dates from 1859‚ almost two hundred years later. Agar has been used in food preparations for over three hundred years. Agar-agar is also practiced
Premium Provinces of the Philippines Kilogram
diffusion rate in agar cubes? Hypothesis: The rate of diffusion in directly related to the surface area to volume ratio of cells and is responsible for the efficiency of absorbing nutrients‚ oxygen‚ minerals etc. in the cell. This ratio is specific to cells as they require a ratio that isn’t big enough to take too long to receive the nutrients and oxygen or too small to impair diffusion‚ known as the maximum sustainable cell size. Due to this it would be expected that the smaller the agar cube the larger
Premium Molecular diffusion Sodium hydroxide Volume
when the agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases‚ the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created. To investigate the change in rate of diffusion when different concentrations of HCl are used‚ I used agar blocks that are stained with universal indicator that would change from green to pink when exposed to HCl. To prepare the agar blocks‚ I used knife and ruler to acquire 5 agar blocks with
Premium