CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Background of the study Herbal medicines have been part of the ingenious way of living in the society since the earlier times. Primitive men have been using this kind of medicine as the primary method of medication without undergoing different industrial processes. Herbal medicines have really come a long journey way back to the ancient times of Herbalism. One of the considered pioneers in Herbal medical field was Imhotep‚ a priest-physician of the ancient
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Experiment No. 03 Date: Name of the experiment: Aerobic plate count (APC) and total coliform count of supplied yogurt sample. Purpose: To determine the aerobic plate count and total coliform count of the supplied yogurt sample. Principle: Yogurt squeezed or extracted from milks are more or less acidic‚ depending on the product‚ the pH generally ranges from about 2.4-4.2 and contain sugar (4.7g)‚ fat
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effect of size on the effectiveness of diffusion Aim: To use agar blocks infused with 0.1 Molar sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and phenolphthalein to investigate the relationship between shape and surface area: volume ratio on the effectiveness of diffusion. Hypothesis: That for a cube of agar‚ the time taken for complete colourisation due to diffusion of HCl is directly proportional to the cubes volume. Materials: |A block of agar (10cm x 5cm x 3cm) with 0.1M NaOH and |1x 250mL beaker
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microscope to identify its unknown characteristic. There were other methods utilized in lab as well: the Mannitol Salt and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar and the tryptic soy broth experiments. Oxygen reaction (aerobic vs. anaerobic)‚ glucose fermentation‚ oxidase reaction‚ the catalase test‚ urea hydrolysis‚ nitrate reduction experimentation‚ Kligler’s Iron Agar‚ the SIM medium test and lastly the IMViC series of tests. All the biochemical tests were carried out in properly supervised manner to compare
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uses of bacteria. Throughout the investigation a series of experiments will be conducted to determine if metals such as nickel and aluminium have a resistance to E.coli K12 over a sequence of generations. To complete the investigation four Macconkey agar plates were inoculated with E.coli k12 and four paper discs of aluminium and nickel that were soaked in metal salts were placed into the plates to see the resistance that would occur over. Once resistance had occurred‚ the zone of inhibition was scraped
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RESEARCH PAPER ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF ACTINOMYCETES ................ ABSTRACT: The microorganisms are ubiquitous in nature. They are found in probably every environmental condition present on earth. Actinomycetes were originally considered to be an intermediate group between bacteria and fungi but now are recognized as prokaryotic organisms with high G+C (>55%) content in their DNA. Our project aim is to evaluate some biological activities of Actinomycetes like:
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the glass tube test and the agar-water gel test. In the glass tube set-up‚ two cotton plugs soaked in two different substances (HCl and NH4OH) were inserted into the two ends of the glass tube. The substance with the lighter molecular weight value (NH 4OH‚ M = 35.0459 g/mole) diffused at a faster rate (dAve = 25.8cm)‚ resulting in the formation of a white ring around the glass closer to the side of the heavier substance (HCl‚ M = 36.4611 g/mole; dAve = 10.8 cm). The agar-water gel set up was composed
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various petri dishes containing agar‚ E Coli and the slime mold Dg‚ and the pH level is changed‚ then the petri dishes containing pH 4 (potassium acid phthalate) and pH 5 (sodium and potassium phosphate) will grow fruiting bodies more rapidly than pH 7 (potassium phosphate) and pH 9 (potassium phosphate and sodium borate)‚ since slime molds have a tendency to move away from ammonia‚ they probably do not prefer basic solutions. METHOD Materials: 4 petri dishes with agar and E Coli Dg pH 4 – potassium
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was place on a rack then the stain were apply. B. From agar cultures. 1. A drop of water was place in the center of the glass slide. 2. With sterilized inoculating loop to obtain a minute of bacterial culture from the agar cultures 3. It then mix with the drop of water and then proceeds as broth cultures. SIMPLE STAINING TECHNIQUES Material: 1. 24 hours broth cultures of a. E. coli b. Staph. aureus 2. 24 hours nutrient agar slants of a. Bacillus subtilis b. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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ratio is considered to be the most significant factor in triggering a cell to divide‚ and therefore‚ determining cell size. OBJECTIVES • Determine the extent and rate of diffusion into three different size agar cubes. • Calculate the surface area to volume ratio for each agar
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