Volcanoes and Earthquakes test Bew c. 1. Where do earthquakes occur? Earthquakes occur at breaks in the earth’s crust called the fault lines. 2. What causes Earthquakes? Tectonic plates pushing‚ pulling‚ slipping past each other increasing the stress and causes elastic rebound to happen. During elastic rebound‚ energy is released and some travel as seismic waves‚ which cause an earthquake. 3. How do earthquake waves travel and what are the various types of waves? Body waves
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Earth’s tectonic plates. Tectonic plates shift when two separated pieces of Earth’s crust push together because of the pressure of the hot air below them pushing up on the plates from the heat of the Earth’s core. This pressure must be released somehow‚ so when the pressure becomes too great for the plates to withstand‚ one part of a plate gives way to the pressure by rising above the other part of the tectonic plate. This then causes the top plate to overlap and collide with the other plate. This collision
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destructive plate boundary. The Nazca Plate which is an oceanic plate in the west is dragged to move towards the South American Plate which is a continental plate in the east. The force driving the two plates to collide is resulted by converging subcrustal currents of magma in the asthenosphere below the earth crust. Such slow collision of the two plates takes place very slowly over millions of years in earth’s history. Due to the heavier density of the oceanic crust‚ the Nazca Plate is subducted
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zone When 2 continental plates collide. Neither plate is forced under the other‚ nor so both are forced up and form fold mountains. Composite volcano Composite volcanoes are made up of alternating layers of lava and ash (other volcanoes just consist of lava). They are usually found at destructive or compressional boundaries. Cone They are the build-up of rock from the volcanic vent; it piles up in the shape of a cone with a central crater. Conservative plate boundary a plate boundary where the relative
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is associated with two of the plate boundary types: divergent and convergent margins‚ so activity is usually found along oceanic ridges where plates are moving apart‚ near rift valleys‚ on subduction zones where the most violent activity takes place and over hot spots which have given rise to the Hawaiian islands. Magma is generated at most plate boundaries‚ and this magma rises to the surface to form volcanoes. The mobility of crust also causes earthquakes. When plates collide or slide past each other
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Chapter 4 plate tectonics Need a Hint? 1.What evidence proved that South America‚ Africa‚ India‚ and Australia were once covered by glaciers? glacial deposits and rock surfaces scarred by glaciers 2. What happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate? The denser oceanic plate slides under the less dense continental plate. 3. A divergent boundary is a boundary between two plates that __________. Move away from each other. 4.Do two colliding continental plates always
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An Introduction to Structural Geology Introduction Structural geology is the study of the features formed by geological processes. Features include faults‚ folds and dipping strata. Geologists can work out the order of events and see which events are related by taking fairly simple measurements and using simple methods. Measurements and Techniques The most obvious thing to do when trying to decipher the structural history of a formation is to describe it. One way of doing this is to measure the dip and strike
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place to visit. The spectacular island is the second largest in Europe and located between the Greenland Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It sits on a constructive plate boundary; the violent tug of war between the two plates causes Iceland to gradually get bigger. Iceland is the most volcanically active place in the world‚ due to tectonic plate activity. Disruptive eruptions occur about every five years. The most recent eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in April 2010‚ caused havoc both internationally and
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For millions of years people have lived in areas where two different plates meet. In theses types of areas it is very common for earthquakes to happen and for volcanoes to form. So why if these are such dangerous places to live do people continue to settle here? One reason may be that people believe that the types of natural disasters that are possible will never affect them in their lifetime. It is impossible to tell when a plate movement will occur. Some people are willing to take the chance that
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Haiti Earthquake The last major earthquake to hit Haiti prior to the 2010 was in 1984. On the 12th of January 2010 the small Caribbean country of Haiti was hit by a catastrophic earthquake of 7.0 magnitude. The earthquake struck on the afternoon of the 12th of January at 4:57pm and hit south-west of the Haitian capital of Port-au-Prince killing 316‚000 and affecting millions of residents. 1.5 million people were displaced and approximately 250‚000 residences and 30‚000 commercial buildings were
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