PRINCIPLES OF COST CONTROL 1.1 Introduction Cost is important to all industry. Costs can be divided into two general classes; absolute costs and relative costs. Absolute cost measures the loss in value of assets. Relative cost involves a comparison between the chosen course of action and the course of action that was rejected. This cost of the alternative action - the action not taken - is often called the "opportunity cost". The accountant is primarily concerned with the absolute cost. However‚
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------------------------------------------------- ASSIGNMENT ON COST CONTROL AND COST REDUCTION ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------
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GENESIS OF THE REPORT This project is about the comparison of EQUITY AND DEBT MARKET. This project also helps to understand which market is best the equity or the debt market by correlating the debt and equity. EQUITY MARKET The market in which shares are issued and traded‚ either through exchanges or over-the-counter markets. Also known as the stock market‚ it is one of the most vital areas of a market economy because it gives companies access to capital and investors a slice of ownership
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Owner’s Equity as a Source of Capital Sources of capital come in two forms: debt and equity. Obtaining permanent capital through equity is the capital supplied by the entity’s owners. It is the owner’s share in the financing of all the assets. Richard Scott‚ United States accounting professor wrote‚ “one of the most deep-seated‚ and incontrovertible concepts embraced by accounting theory today is that of owner’s equity.” Through analysis of the case‚ we found this to be true. There are different
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Cost accounting deals with ascertainment ‚ allocation ‚ apportionment accounting aspect of costs.Management accounting deals with the effect and impact of costs on the business. 2. Cost accounting provides a base for management accounting whereas management accounting is derived from cost accounting and financial accounting. 3. Cost accounting does not include financial accounting ‚ tax planning and tax accounting. Management accounting includes financial and cost accounting ‚ tax accounting
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5 / ¼.5= .67%/ 22%= 3.05 Ch 22 #7 1. Key Question A firm has fixed costs of $60 and variable costs as indicated in the table on the following page. Complete the table and check your calculations by referring to question 4 at the end of Chapter 23. 1. Graph total fixed cost‚ total variable cost‚ and total cost. Explain how the law of diminishing returns influences the shapes of the variable-cost and total-cost curves Graph AFC‚ AVC‚ ATC‚ and MC. Explain the derivation and shape of each
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right to whistle-blowing. However‚ by executing these measures‚ employees are then morally obliged to blow the whistle. In this essay‚ we will talk about the importance of whistle-blowing‚ ethics and corporate governance in an organization‚ moral agency and responsibility as well as whistle-blowing as an internal control mechanism. Based on all these factors‚ we will then conclude on whether employees should have a duty to blow the whistle on unethical or illegal acts. IMPORTANCE OF WHISTLE-BLOWING
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LEarNING OBJECtIVES After studying this chapter‚ you should understand: LO1 The basic types of financial management decisions and the role of the financial manager. LO2 The goal of financial management. LO3 The financial implications of the different forms of business organization. LO4 The conflicts of interest that can arise between managers and owners. I NTRODUCTION TO CORPORATE FINANCE mortgages getting into financial difficulties and 1 Overview of Corporate Finance Pa rt 1 IN 2007‚ A
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make long-term investments in new product lines‚ new equipment and other assets‚ managers must know the cost of obtaining funds to acquire these assets. The cost associated with different sources of funds is called the cost of capital. . If the business earns more than its cost of capital‚ the market value of the business will increase. Likewise‚ if returns on long-term investments are below the cost of capital‚ market values will decline. Therefore‚ how we manage capital is extremely important to fulfilling
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Chapter 1 the equity method of accounting for investments Chapter Outline I. Three methods are principally used to account for an investment in equity securities. A. Fair-value method: applied by an investor when only a small percentage of a company’s voting stock is held. 1. Income is recognized when dividends are declared. 2. Portfolios are reported at market value. If market values are unavailable‚ investment is reported at cost. B. Consolidation: when
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