HOW THE ECONOMY WORKS: AGGREGATE DEMAND ECO 2021_August 2014 CURIOUS QUESTIONS (for today) What is What is between and the “aggregate demand”? the relationship aggregate demand economy? Macroeconomics studies the performance of the economy. national global totals aggregates aggregate demand total demand in a country WAYS TO MEASURE THE PERFORMANCE OF AN ECONOMY output method expenditure method income method The Expenditure Method
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Aggregate Demand AGGREGATE DEMAND (AD‚ for short) = C + I + G + (X-M) • The aggregate demand curve is not focused on a single good or service. The AD curve is focused on overall demand for all final goods & services produced across the entire economy. • Determinants of Aggregate Demand: Although the shape of the AD curve is similar to the shape of a single market demand curve‚ its shape is based on entirely different principles from what we studied in Chapter 3. To elaborate‚
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ASSIGNMENT NUMBER 1 Question Number 1: Write the definitions of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. Answer: AGGREGATE DEMAND: Aggregate demand is the sum of all demand for final goods and services at a given time and price level. AGGREGATE SUPPLY: Aggregate supply is the sum of all final goods and services that will be supplied at a given time and price level. Question Number 2: Why does short run aggregate supply curve slope upward? Answer: Because profits rise when the prices of the
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Aggregate Supply and Demand Models ECO/372 November 24‚ 2014 Aggregate Supply and Demand Models Current state of Interest Rates and their effect on the U.S. economy Since the financial collapse of 2007 the United States Federal Reserve has maintained a system of policy accommodation consisting of lowering short-term interest rates to near zero levels‚ and buying large quantities of longer-term Treasury securities in order to encourage new spending and maintain the current prices of assets. Because
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Assignment Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 11. For each of following events‚ explain the short-run and the long-run effects on the output and the price level‚ assuming policymakers take no action. (a) The stock market declines sharply‚ reducing consumers’ wealth. AS1 AS2 AD1 AD2 Y2 Y1 P1 P2 P3 LRAS A B C P AD-AS diagram Output 0 Since the stock market declines sharply‚ the people’ wealth are being affected. In short run‚ it leads to a fall in aggregate demand which
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27 Expenditure Multipliers Fixed Prices and Expenditure Plans • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Several factors influence consumption expenditure and saving. The most direct influence is disposable income‚ which is real GDP or aggregate income minus net taxes (taxes minus transfer payments). Planned consumption expenditure plus planned saving equals disposable income. The greater the disposable income‚ the greater is consumption expenditure and the greater is saving. The relationship
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event whether it changes the short-run aggregate supply‚ long-run aggregate supply‚ or a combination of the two‚ and why. a) Automotive firms in the United States switch to a new technology that raises productivity. Technological change enables firms to produce more from any given amount of facts of production. Therefore‚ technology increases potential GDP. So‚ an increase in potential GDP increases both- long run aggregate supply and short- run aggregate supply. b)Toyota and Honda build
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increase by a smaller amount. 4. The aggregate supply curve will shift to the left if a. the capital stock of the economy increases. b. the money wage rate increases. c. technology and productivity increase in the economy. d. energy prices fall. 9. If the price level in Figure 10-1 were 100‚ a. inventories would be accumulating. b. firms would have to lower their prices. c. shortages of goods would exist. d. aggregate quantity supplied would exceed aggregate quantity demanded. 1 Name:
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businesses expect future profits to fall. a. Explain for each event whether it changes short-run aggregate supply‚ long-run aggregate supply‚ aggregate demand‚ or some combination of them. A deep recession in the world economy decreases aggregate demand. A sharp rise in oil prices decreases short-run aggregate supply. The expectation of lower future profits decreases investment and decreases aggregate demand. b. Explain the separate effects of each event on U.S. real GDP and the price level‚ starting
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Why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward: To answer this question‚ we recall that the components of economy’s GDP: Y = C + I + G + NX We assume that government spending is fixed. The other three components: consumption‚ investment‚ and net exports depend on economic conditions and on the price level. 1. The price level and consumption: The wealth effect: Ex: The nominal value of a dollar is fixed‚ yet‚ the real value of a dollar is not fixed. Coca Pizza 1 $ 1 0.5$ 2 → A decrease
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