Underground of “Grub Street;” the broadening influence of public opinion. 4. Social antagonisms between two rising groups: the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie 5. Ineffective ruler: Louis XVI 6. Economic hardship‚ especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-89 generates popular discontent and disorders caused by food shortages. For the greater part of history the French revolution was believed to have been the product of social and economic unrest. The country was at the time facing a deteriorating economic
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produce an arc between carbon electrodes. This tool was extensively used in welding metals. 1880 In 1881‚ French scientist Auguste De Meritens succeeded in fusing lead plates by using the heat generated from an arc. Later‚ Russian scientist Nikolai N. Benardos and his compatriot Stanislaus Olszewski developed an electrode holder for which they secured patents from the US and British. 1890 During the 1890’s‚ one of the most popular welding methods was carbon arc welding. Around the same time‚ C
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0From Salvation To Self-Realization: Advertising and the Therapeutic Roots of the Consumer Culture‚ 1880-1930 T. J. Jackson Lears Lears‚ T.J. Jackson 1983. From salvation to self-realization: Advertising and the therapeutic roots of the consumer culture‚ 1880-1930. In The Culture of Consumption: Critical Essays in American History‚ 18801980‚ ed. by Richard Wightman Fox and T.J. Jackson Lears‚ New York: Pantheon Books‚ 1-38. Reprinted with the permission of the author. 1"On or about December 1910
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wanted to escape famine‚ land shortages (pop of Europe doubled in 100 years)‚ religious‚ and/or political persecution (Russia drives out Jews)‚ and some intended to earn money and return home (birds of passage) 1. Old immigrants: 1800 – 1880 10 million immigrants came from northern and western Europe (GB‚ Ireland‚ Germany‚ Scandinavian countries) a. Mostly Protestants 2. New Immigrants: 1891 – 1910 70% of the 12 million immigrants entering the US came
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whether by force or free will. From the 1850’s to the 1870’s‚ about two-million settlers predominantly from Northern and Western Europe immigrated to the US. These people are known as the “Old Immigrants”. The immigration peak in the US lasted from 1880-1920. During this time period‚ about five-million newcomers predominantly from Southern and Eastern Europe immigrated to the US. The people are known as the “New Immigrants”. The “new” nationality groups that arrived during this time included Greek
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An American revolution‚ involving an industrial and technological up rise‚ was being held in Philadelphia during the Centennial Exposition of 1876. Alexander Graham Bell motioned the start of the United States to global leadership – towards the industrial technological awakening – when his invention‚ the telephone‚ was patented that year. The first dedicated individual to industrial research‚ Thomas Alva Edison‚ opened up his own laboratory in Menlo Park‚ New Jersey‚ in the year 1876. With the
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separated from one. This split was inevitable because of the contradicting ideologies each founding "brother" fought to uphold. Each had a different idea‚ each had a different vision‚ and each sought to make his vision a reality. Although the seeds of discontent were sown early on‚ they began to sprout during the process of the ratification of the constitution. The seeds began to grow as issue after issue came and fertilized the growing plant of division. Eventually‚
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Domestic Technology in the past There is information about the history of domestic technology and its effect on gender involvement in the home (ca 1850 - 1990). These are mainly changing standards‚ the nature of family life‚ and new roles for women in the home. Instead of removing housework‚ domestic technology accompanied to a re-definition of how this work must be organized and done. Housework in the 19th century The 19th century home The organization‚ physical effort
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Clothing Later Victorian (1870-1890) After the death of her husband in 1861‚ Victoria went into seclusion‚ and though still deeply respected as sovereign of a great empire‚ she ceased to influence fashion as directly. The somber colors that came into fashion are attributed to the fact that the British Court remained in mourning. Black became a popular fashion color in this period‚ not only worn for mourning. However dress forms changed significantly. After decades of full skirts‚ a new silhouette
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argues‚ there was a need for a regeneration of the French economy in order to ease France’s debt and prevent sections of society from being alienated from the monarchy . However‚ it was the short-term economic factors that sparked revolution. The Agrarian Crisis of 1788-1789 led to the deregulation of the grain market by Turgot‚ Louis XVI’s
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