References: Ainsworth (1962) cited in ‘Parenting and Attachments’ ‚ Oates‚ J.‚ Lewis‚ C.‚ Lamb‚ M. (eds) Psychological Development and Early Childhood‚ Oxford‚ Blackwell/ The Open University. Bowlby (1973) cited in ‘Parenting and Attachments’ ‚ Oates‚ J.‚ Lewis‚ C.‚ Lamb
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References: Ainsworth‚ M. (1978). Patterns of attachment: a psychological study of the strange situation Philadelphia: Laurence Earlbaum Associates‚ Inc. Belsky‚ J. & Eggebeen‚ D. (1991‚ January 1). Early and extensive maternal employment and young children’s socioemotional
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between two people like with a mother and infant. The attachment acts as a basis for further emotional and psychological development. Following on from the study carried out by Schaffer and Emerson (1964) on the phases of development in attachment‚ Ainsworth and Bell (1978) investigated individual differences in attachment using the Strange Situation. They hoped that their method of assessing attachments would be a reliable and valid measure of attachments. The Strange Situation test lasted approximately
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Attachment Theories and Parenting Styles Humans are social beings and need to be with others and form relationships but our relationship behaviors do not "come naturally" and they need to be learned similar to other social skills (Schneider‚ Gruman & Coutts‚ 2005‚ p.77). Many psychologists argue that the kind of relationships infants have with their primary caregivers is the blueprint for the later life relationships (Schneider‚ Gruman & Coutts‚ 2005). Behaviors in adult relationships’ are influenced
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Outline and evaluate research into cross-cultural variation in Attachment (12) Some studies support Bowlby’s theory view that attachment is universal and those studies show cultural similarities. However there are also studies that suggest the importance of cultural differences. Some research suggest that some aspects of attachment are consistent across cultures. Ainsworth’s research supports this. She found in her studies of Us children and Ugandan childrens that sensitive mothering was linked
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In order to answer the question “are there critical periods for the development of social competency?” one must first clearly define the key elements of the question. A critical period is defined as a time when a certain development must happen if it is to ever happen (Strassen Berger‚ 2006). In psychology the term is most often associated with language acquisition as the critical period hypothesis popularised by Lenneberg (1967) hypothesised that language learned outside the critical period for
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Outline and evaluate an explanation of attachment Attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space (Ainsworth‚ 1973; Bowlby‚ 1969). Attachment does not have to be mutual. One person may have an attachment with an individual which is not shared. Attachment is characterized by specific behaviors in children‚ such as seeking proximity with the attachment figure when upset or threatened (Bowlby‚ 1969). Bowlby’s theory states that attachment
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PSYCHOLOGY– UNIT 1 Attachment is an emotional bond between two people‚ it is a 2 way process that endures over time‚ serving the function of protecting the infant and leading to certain behaviours (seeking proximity‚ distress on separation‚ pleasure on reunion and general orientation of behaviour) There is a Primary attachment figure (PAF) EXPLANATIONS OF ATTACHMENT: LEARNING THEORY Learnt rather than inborn Classical: Association Proposes that food (UCS) naturally produces a feeling of pleasure
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attachment styles in their early relationships which influence later relationships by providing the child with beliefs about themselves‚ other people and relationships in general. There are several attachment styles that a child can develop in infancy. Ainsworth (1971) divided these into secure‚ insecure-avoidant and insecure-resistant‚ when working on her ‘Strange Situation’ research. The characteristics we associate with attachment styles will provide a child with a set of beliefs about themselves and
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Describe how partnerships with carers are developed and sustained in own work setting A partnership model work around a theory of collaboration‚ understanding and and communication. It’s a way that helps to recognise how the best outcomes can happen for children when care‚ development and learning provision/a setting ‚ a cooperatively together. A partnership model looks like this: Identifying needs via a partnership /mullet agency document can happen though the pre CAF assessment check list
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