Ainsworth Strange Situation Studies The Strange Situation procedure‚ developed by American psychologist Mary Ainsworth‚ is widely used in child development research. Much research in psychology has focused on how forms of attachment differ between infants. For example‚ Schaffer and Emerson (1964) discovered what appeared to be innate differences in sociability in babies; some babies preferred cuddling more than others‚ from very early on‚ before much interaction had occurred to cause such differences
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References: Ainsworth‚ Mary D.‚ Bowlby‚ J. (1991). An Ethological Approach to Personality Development. American Psychologist‚ 46(4)‚ 333-341. Bowlby‚ J. (1951). Maternal care and mental health. World Health Organization Monograph Bowlby‚ J Bowlby. J‚ (1979). The Making
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Basic Concepts in Attachment Theory Attachment theory is the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth (Ainsworth & Bowlby‚ 1991 ). Drawing on concepts from ethology‚ cybernetics‚ information processing‚ developmental psychology‚ and psychoanalysts‚ John Bowlby formulated the basic tenets of the theory. He thereby revolutionized our thinking about a child’s tie to the mother and its disruption through separation‚ deprivation‚ and bereavement. Mary Ainsworth’s innovative methodology not only
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Environmental Impacts on Development The pioneers of the attachment theory who are fundamentally responsible for our present understanding of children and what drives human relationships are psychiatrist John Bowlby (1969) and his colleague‚ Mary Ainsworth (1989)‚ a developmental psychologist who further elaborated on the theory. The theory was based mainly on ethology‚ the study of the advanced behaviour of numerous species in their natural habitat. Bowlby drew his main concepts from psychoanalytic
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References: Ainsworth‚ MD (1967). Infancy in Uganda. Baltimore: John Hopkins Press. Bowlby‚ J.(1969). Attachment. Attachment and Loss. Vol. I. London: Hogarth. Bowlby‚ J.‚ Ainsworth‚ M. D.‚ & Fry‚ M. (1965). Child care and the growth of love (2d Ed.). Baltimore: Penguin Books.
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Ainsworth experiment Attachment. Something that all humans develop naturally. We all become attached to something and/or someone throughout our lifetime. You see this in very young children‚ but have you ever wondered why you see it more in some than you do in others? Have you ever wondered why sometimes in twins you get a baby that is all about cuddling and being carried and one twin that would much rather walk and lay by his or herself. Well you aren’t the only one to wonder thing. Mary Ainsworth
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Attachment and Divorce: FAMILY CONSEQUENCES Bowlby ’s‚ Ainsworth ’s‚ and Shaver ’s research created the understanding that infant styles create a disposition for later behavioral traits. More current research has questioned the significance of how the disruption of the attachment structure (such as in divorce) can affect children ’s behaviors throughout life. The research on this topic is contradictory and somewhat inconclusive‚ with research asserting that either attachment style or
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Why nurture is solely responsible for human development The Nature v Nurture debate has been one of the biggest debates in psychology for many decades. The purpose of this essay is to discuss why Nurture is solely responsible for human development with reference to the case of Genie. Genie was thirteen and a half when by chance was found by Social Services. Genie had spent the last thirteen and a half years in her bedroom tied to a potty chair through the day and at night she was to sleep in a
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The birth of a child begins a life-long process of joint adaptation between the child and his or her caregivers and the larger social environment. Relations and forms of interactions developed during the early stages of life serve as a basis for many interactions later in life and might have life-long effects (Bowlby 1969). Young children do not have the ability to verbally express what they need to their caregivers‚ so children often convey their needs through their behavior. Parents are often unmindful
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describes and evaluates the contributions of Bowlby‚ Ainsworth‚ Murray-Parkes‚ Kubler-Ross and Worden‚ as well as later theorists‚ to their respective fields. I demonstrate how I already work with some of these models‚ highlighting my strengths and areas for development. I emphasise some influences on Bowlby’s work‚ leading to his trilogy Attachment 1969; Separation 1973; and Loss‚ Sadness and Depression 1980; demonstrating how attachments in infancy may shape our attachment styles in later life. Pietromonaco
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