humans‚ came across this theory. The author tends to talk about and describe how as babies the basic need to have mother around is just as important as having food‚ water‚ and clean diapers. The author gives examples of children who were adopted after infancy and children whom had to spend significant amounts of time away from their mothers during their infant years had suffered from infections and "hospitalism"‚ and also severe depression and lonliness. Researchers such as Levy‚ Bender‚ Bakwin‚ Goldfarb
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a connection between two people. It is a bond that involves a persons desire for regular contact with that person and the experience of distress during separation from that person” (Ainsworth‚ M. 1958) Two of the biggest contributors to the understanding of attachment are Harry Harlow (1905 - 1981) and Mary Ainsworth (1913 - 1999). In 1958‚ psychologist Harry Harlow conducted a series of experiments to investigate an infants bond with its mother or care provider. Due to the ethics at the time
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engage in the formation of relationships. Research presented will also help to elucidate how attachment styles during childhood relate to adult related health issues The following essay will define attachment theory as described by Bowlby and Ainsworth; followed by an analysis how attachments formed in early childhood have an impact on attachments formed during adulthood. The main focus of the research will examine the evidence concerning attachment assessment methods. Finally‚ the research essay
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References: Ainsworth‚ M.‚ Blehar M.‚ Waters‚ E.‚ & Wall. S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum. Bowlby‚ J. (1973). Attachment and loss: Vol. 2. Separation: Anxiety and anger. New York: Basic Books
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Sensitive period Belsky & Rovine (1987) – Bowlby’s Theory Temperament hypothesis Van Izjendoorn et al. (1999) – Types of Attachment Meta-analysis Ainsworth et al. (1978) – Types of Attachment Strange situation findings Prior & Glaser (1006) – Types of Attachment Behaviour in later childhood Ainsworth (1967) – Cultural Variations Uganda study Tronick et al (1992) – Cultural Variations African tribe Grossman & Grossman (1991) – Cultural Variations German infants Spitz & Wolf
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Bowbly (1969) and Mary Ainsworths (1974) known‚ as the mother and father of attachment theory both became key figures in contributing to child development‚ with their ideas of personality development‚ together they changed the views of childcare practice and how mothers‚ reared their children‚ his views greatly influenced society‚ by identifying that a child first relationship was very important as this would effect them for the rest of their lives. Bowlby (1969) and Ainsworth (19740 described "Attachment
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(1992). The origins of attachment theory: John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth. Developmental Psychology. 28‚ 759-775 Cherry‚ K. (2002) Attachment styles. Retrieved from www.psychology.about.com Main‚ M.‚ & Hesse‚ E. (1990). Parents ’ unresolved traumatic experiences are related to infant disorganized attachment status:
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Has attachment theory had its day? There are many different views on attachment theory but the first and most recognised is that of John Bowlby. He argued that attachment was an instinctive biological need that begins at infancy and continues throughout life. (Elliot & Reis‚ 2003). Further to this Bowlby argued that babies who were separated from their mothers before becoming securely attached would find it impossible to bond with others and in later life would suffer ill affects from this
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Gunderson‚ J.‚ Holmes‚ B.‚ Lyons-Ruth‚ K. (2004) ‘Attachment Studies with Borderline Patients: A Review’ Harvard Review of Psychiatry‚ Volume 12‚ No. 2 Ainsworth‚ M. & Bell‚ S. (1970) ‘Attachment‚ exploration‚ and separation: Illustrated by the behaviour of one-year-olds in a strange situation’. Child Development‚ 41‚ 49-67. Ainsworth‚ M. D. S. (1973). ‘The development of infant-mother attachment’‚ in B. Cardwell & H. Ricciuti (Eds.). Review of child development research. Chicago: University
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According to Feldman (2008)‚ the emotional bond that develops between a child and a certain individual is referred to as attachment. In nonhumans‚ this process begins in the first days of life with “imprinting‚” which is essentially the infant’s readiness to learn (Lorenz‚ 1957‚ as cited in Feldman‚ 2008‚ p.89). The bond is facilitated by mother-child physical contact during imprinting. A similar phenomenon is observed between human mothers and their newborns‚ which is why mother’s are strongly encouraged
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