her 1970’s research‚ psychologist Mary Ainsworth expanded greatly upon Bowlby’s original work. Her groundbreaking "Strange Situation" study revealed the profound effects of attachment on behavior. In the study‚ researchers observed children between the ages of 12 and 18 months as they responded to a situation in which they were briefly left alone and then reunited with their mothers (Ainsworth‚ 1978). Based upon the responses the researchers observed‚ Ainsworth described three major styles of attachment:
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Research‚ theorizes that secure attachment in infancies is the result of the parent seeing to every need of the infant and establishing a loving and safe environment. Psychologist Mary Ainsworth developer of the procedure‚ known as “Strange Situation” provided research offering explanations of individual differences in attachment styles. She identified three main attachments
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concerned with the human relationship. Attachment develops right from the birth between the infant and primary care providers. Attachment forms the basis of human nature‚ temperament and behavior. Children who get appropriate attention right from the infancy and formative years engage and accomplish success in their endeavors. Attachment provided to the individual is depicted in their behavior‚ self-esteem and confidence which they display during adulthood. Childhood attention develops attachment or bonding
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attachment behaviours stimulate care from adults. This main attachment forms the prototype for all future social relationships. Bowlby claimed that attachment was universal but Ainsworth found that there were individual differences in attachment based on the primary paradigms of the sense of security of an individual. (Ainsworth & Bell‚ 1970) By using the Strange Situation Classification (SSC) for investigation of children. Three styles were deduced secure‚ insecure avoidant and insecure resistant based
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Child Development‚ 1969‚ 40‚ 969-1025 OBJECT RELATIONS‚ DEPENDENCY‚ AND ATTACHMENT: A THEORETICAL REVIEW OF THE INFANT-MOTHER RELATIONSHIP MARY D. SALTER AINSWORTH Johns Hopkins University 3 theoretical approaches to the origin and development o f the infant-mother relationship are reviewed: psychoanalytic theories of object relations‚ social learning theories of dependency (and attachment)‚ and an ethologically oriented theory o f attachment. "Object relations‚" "dependency‚" and "attachment
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John Bowlby‚ a British psychoanalyst developed the attachment theory to account for phenomena in personality development and psychopathology that were not well recognized or explained by other psychoanalytic theories. Bowlby ([1969] 1982) and Ainsworth (1978) defined an attachment as an enduring affective bond characterized by a tendency to seek and maintain proximity to a specific figure particularly when under stress. It is a long-lasting relationship‚ not a transient
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Compare and Contrast the work of Harry Harlow and Mary Ainsworth on understanding attachment ‘Attachment’ is a lasting secure and positive feeling that bonds one person to another‚ one of the strongest forms of attachment is thought to develop between a mother and child. Many psychologist‚ sociologist‚ physicians and psychoanalysts have sought to explore the fundamental nature of attachment and how it had evolved. Within this essay I shall examine • The origins of attachment • Psychologist who seek
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The Effects of Day Care on Children’s Emotional‚ Cognitive‚ and Social Development by Gina Lalli There have been many concerns in the past decades as to whether attending daycare during infancy produces negative or positive effects on the development of children (Belsky and Steinberg 1978‚ Booth et al. 2002‚ Egeland and Hiester 1995‚ Farran and Ramey 1977‚ Field 1991‚ Lamb 1996‚ Peisner-Feinberg et al. 2001‚ Schwartz 1983). Many of these concerns are influenced by the fear that separating infant
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to engender an infant’s confidence in a mother ’s accessibility and responsiveness. Ainsworth et al (1978 cited in Barnes‚ 1995‚ p.14) opine that maternal sensitivity predicts the extent of attachment between mother and infant. “Mothers who are more sensitive‚ responsive‚ accessible and cooperative during their child’s first year are likely to have a child who develops a secure attachment”. Ainsworth et al‚ (1978 cited in Barnes‚ 1995‚ p.14) A sensitive mother thus is; “… alert
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dominant type was resistant. These results were reached from data from 2000 strange situation studies in 32 different countries. There are many cross-cultural similarities such as in Ainsworth’s Uganda study she observed various universals in attachment behaviour. This study showed that infants in Uganda were similar to infants in the UK and USA because they used their mothers as a secure base for exploration‚ and mothers of securely attached infants showed more sensitivity towards their infants
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