INTRODUCTION TO CHEMICAL BONDS CHEMICAL BOND Definition: A chemical bond is defined as a force that acts between two or more atoms to hold them together as a stable molecule. Main types of bond: 1. Ionic or electrovalent bond‚ 2. Covalent bond‚ 3. Coordinate covalent bond Forth type of bond: Metallic bond: The type of bonding which holds the atoms together in metal crystal. Valence electron: The electrons in the outer most energy level in an atom that takes part in chemical bonding
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Exercise Solution – Day 8 1. Answer the following questions. 1A. What do the acronyms SDLC and DBLC mean‚ and what do they portray? SDLC = Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) DBLC = Database Life Cycle 1B. What is the relationship between the SDLC and the DBLC? The SDLC traces the history (life cycle) of an information system. The DBLC traces the history (life cycle) of a database system. Since we know that the database serves the information system‚ it
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by chemical bonds. These chemical bonds are of two basic types—ionic and covalent. Ionic bonds result when one or more electrons from one atom or group of atoms is transferred to another atom. Positive and negative ions are created through the transfer. In covalent compounds no electrons are transferred; instead electrons are shared by the bonded atoms. The physical properties of a substance‚ such as melting point‚ solubility‚ and conductivity‚ can be used to predict the type of bond that binds
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Nowadays‚ companies prefer to issue bonds so they can financed . Most companies can also borrow from banks‚ but direct borrowing from a bank is more restrictive and expensive than selling debt on the open market through a bond issue. The costs involved in borrowing money directly from a bank are prohibitive to a number of companies. In the world of corporate finance‚ many chief financial officers think that borrowing from a bank as the last option because of the restrictive debt covenants that
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Stocks versus Bonds: Explaining the Equity Risk Premium Clifford S. Asness From the 19th century through the mid-20th century‚ the dividend yield (dividends/price) and earnings yield (earnings/price) on stocks generally exceeded the yield on long-term U.S. government bonds‚ usually by a substantial margin. Since the mid-20th century‚ however‚ the situation has radically changed. In addressing this situation‚ I argue that the difference between stock yields and bond yields is driven by the long-run
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more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms ... a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are: Covalent Bonds Covalent chemical bonds involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms‚ in contrast to the transfer of electrons in ionic bonds. Such bonds lead to stable molecules if they share electrons in such a way as to create a
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Bond Practice Problems II 1. Seven years ago your firm issued $1‚000 par value bonds paying a 7% semi-annual coupon with 15 years to maturity. The bonds were originally issued at par value. a. What was the original yield to maturity on the bonds? They were issued at par…so the YTM = Coupon rate: 7% b. If the current price of the bonds is $875‚ what is the yield to maturity of the bonds TODAY? 1000 FV .07(1000)÷2= PMT (15-7)*2 = N -875 PV I/Y = 4.623*2 = 9.25% c. If the yield
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Bibliography 1) Investopedia. (2008). Quantitative Easing Definition. (Online). Retrieved on 1 October 2013 from: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/q/quantitative-easing.asp 2) InvestorGuide Staff. (2013). Yield‚ Duration and Ratings of Bonds. (Online). Retrieved on 8 October 2013 from: http://www.investorguide.com/article/11675/yield-duration-and-ratings-of-bonds-igu/ 3) The Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association. (2010). Types of Bonds: How Do Credit Ratings Affect Yields
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I recommend buying the OSX 9.25 2015 bond for 90 cents on the dollar for a YTW of 15% in 2015‚ but I believe the correct yield is yield to next call (111%)‚ as I believe the company will call this bond in June‚ 2013 at 103. The bond is secured by a 1st lien collateral on an FPSO that is being built in Singapore (87% completed) that will be delivered on Q4 to the company. Value of the FPSO is 700MM USD as marked on OSX´s book‚ total debt is 500MM USD. Eike Batista is the main shareholder of Centennial
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CHEMICAL BONDS Chemical Bonds I. Introduction Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms called a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are the covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Covalent bonds are bonds in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Covalent bonds‚ in
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