Content: A. Behaviorist perspective 1. Behaviorism: Pavlov‚ Thorndike‚ Skinner 2. Neo-Behaviorism: Tolmann and Bandura B. Cognitive Perspective 1. Gestalt Psychology 2. Bruner’s constructivist Theory 3. Bruner’s constructivist theory 4. Ausebel’s Meaningful Verbal Learning / Subsumption Theory Prepared by: Nemarose Jane Tauyan Behaviorism: Pavlov‚ Thorndike‚ Skinner Pavlov (1849 - 1936) For most people‚ the name "Pavlov" rings a bell (pun intended)
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The Stranger The Stranger written by Albert Camus‚ a Nobel Prize winner‚ tells the tale of a young man named Monsieur Meursault. In the beginning‚ Monsieur Meursault’s mother‚ Maman‚ has died. After getting a telegram containing news of Maman’s death‚ Monsieur Meursault heads to Marengo where his mother had been taken care of in a home. He is greeted by the director of the home who leads him to the mortuary to see Maman. Meursault attends her vigil that night and attends the funeral procession the
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Albert Einstein was born at Ulm‚ in Württemberg‚ Germany‚ on March 14‚ 1879. His family moved to Munich and he went to school at the Luitpold Gynasium. Later in his life‚ his family moved to Italy and Einstein went to school at Aarau‚ Switzerland. He was admitted to the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich where he learned how to be a teacher in physics and mathematics. Since he could not find a job as a teacher‚ he worked as a technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. While working there
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Social groups are often marginalized or misrepresented in various pieces of literature. In Albert Camus’s novel The Outsider‚ there are a variety of social groups that are portrayed in a negative light‚ but the most prominent is the female population. Throughout the book‚ many women are disregarded‚ or are seen as unimportant. From Marie to Meursault’s mother to Raymonds mistress‚ each woman is portrayed as destitute and desperate for love. Thus‚ Camus uses the character of Meursault to present women
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for conformity is that everyone likes you except yourself”. Rita Mae Brown displays the message of nonconformity and existential views throughout her writings. Brown supports the idea of individuality and originality through forms of isolation. Albert Camus displays his existential views through the motif of conformity and confinement in his novel The Stranger .This portrayal of the difference between society’s expectations and a character’s mentality of refusing to conform to society’s expectations
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carried out over the years‚ mostly ethical practices in the interest of knowledge‚ however there have been some experiments carried out that have had serious negative consequences on their test subjects. Two experiments of this type are the ‘Little Albert’ experiment where a child was conditioned to fear a white rat to test whether fear is innate or conditional. The second experiment was carried out on young orphans to find out if stuttering was a genetic trait or something that can be cured or induced
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Albert Einstein is an icon in the field of science and regarded as the most important and influential scientist of the twentieth century. Einstein gained notoriety for his Annus Mirabilis papers‚ his theory of relativity and receiving the Nobel Prize in Physics. His brilliant discoveries affected the way the world and the universe are perceived. Furthermore‚ he won over the common people even though he spoke the complicated language of mathematics. Synopsis of Einstein’s life and times Albert
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we can not accomplish it. There are many kinds of thoughts or philosophies of life; some think that life is already determined by God or destiny when they were born‚ while others think that they decide what they do by themselves. In "the stranger"‚ Albert Camus creates Meursault as a protagonist‚ who does not think about anything deeply. Because of that‚ he can not really enjoy his life. However‚ finally‚ he thinks about his life when he faces death; he truly realized how to face to the absurd world
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In the preface of his essay‚ The Myth of Sisyphus‚ Albert Camus states that the story is “A lucid invitation to live and to create‚ in the very midst of the desert. “ I agree with this statement as I believe that life is meaningless unless we create our own meaning. The world is merely arbitrary effects of causes that manifest and create life as we know it. When Camus says that the myth of Sisyphus is an invitation to live and create‚ he is saying that from this story we can learn to live on although
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Educational Theories As with all theories‚ educational theories have developed and changed over time. Many of these theories built on each other as researchers learned more about behavior and learning. Additionally‚ despite the fact most of these theories were developed several decades ago‚ they are still relevant and applicable to current learning situations‚ which is why they are still studied. One of the early educational theories was the theory of classical conditioning‚ which was made popular
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