Ventilator Associated Pneumonia is one of the many nosocomial bacterial infections that patients in Intensive Care Units might acquire during their stay. VAP is the number one hospital acquired infection contracted in ICU’s. It occurs within 48 hours from prolonged oxygen therapy by endotracheal tube or tracheostomy. Intubation compromises the oropharynx and trachea by obstructing the normal airway. This allows easier access for microorganisms in gastric and oral secretions to enter the lungs and
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Microbial Diversity and Ubiquity Microorganisms are microscopic organisms that are so small that that they can only be visualized by the aid of a compound-brightfield microscope. While we generally cannot see individual microorganisms with the naked eye‚ they are present in virtually every habitat known to man. Microorganisms can be prokaryotic—the bacteria or eukaryotic—the algae‚ protozoa or fungi. While viruses are acellular they are also studied in the scope of microbiology because
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Title Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern Across Four Health Clinics in Putrajaya. Background The use of antibiotics have effectively prolonged life expectancy and are currently one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in healthcare facilities worldwide1. Unfortunately‚ widespread use and misuse worldwide have led to the emergence of ‘super bugs’ and other drug-resistant bacteria2-4. Excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to the development of bacterial resistance5-7‚ an increased
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FST3202 Food Microbiology 2012/2013-1 Lecture 1. Introduction to Food Microbiology Prof. Madya Dr. Yaya Rukayadi Department of Food Science Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Wednesday‚ 12-09-2012 BKTM-2 (10.00 – 12.00) FST 3202 – Food Microbiology Semester : 1 (2012/2013) Program : Undergraduate Student (prasiswazah) Credits : 3 (2-1) Class : BKTM 2 – Food 1 Day/Time : Wednesday‚ 10.00 – 12.00 Pensyarah : Prof. Madya
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Antimicrobials Anti-bacterials * Need a drug selectively toxic to bacterial cells but won’t harm human cells * Many drugs that achieve this still have side effects as every drug is a poison Bacterial Infections * Immunocompromised especially vulnerable * Opportunistic infection – Infection caused by pathogens that usually do not cause disease in a healthy immune system. A compromised immune system however presents ‘opportunity’ for pathogen to infect * Prophylaxis
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BIOSENSORS ADVANCED BIOREPORTER TECHNOLOGIES FOR TARGETED SENSING OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS Steven Ripp and Gary S. Sayler Introduction Bioreporters refer to intact‚ living microbial cells that have been genetically engineered to produce a measurable signal in response to a specific chemical or physical agent in their environment (Figure 1). Bioreporters contain two essential genetic elements‚ a promoter gene and a reporter gene. The promoter gene is turned on (transcribed) when the
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Chapter 6 Microbial Growth 1 Growth • increase in cellular constituents that may result in: – increase in cell number • e.g.‚ when microorganisms reproduce by budding or binary fission – increase in cell size • e.g.‚ coenocytic microorganisms have nuclear divisions that are not accompanied by cell divisions • microbiologists usually study population growth rather than growth of individual cells 2 The Growth Curve • observed when microorganisms are cultivated in batch
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The world is exist with germs of all kinds especially viruses and bacteria. Most of the time human bodies do a wonderful job of fending off these microbes. This sort of self-defense is due to the immune system‚ which detects any pathogen also known as disease-causing agent and attacks it with immune foot soldiers including macrophages‚ lymphocytes and phagocytes. Specifically‚ over 700 different strains of bacteria have been discovered in the human mouth‚ though most people are only host to 34 to
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Microbiology UNKNOWN LAB REPORT Kateryna Petrakova INTRODUCTION Microorganisms cause a great amount of diseases. For healthcare providers it is very important to be aware of what organisms are pathogenic and cause a disease and‚ therefore‚ to find an appropriate treatment. Different microorganisms require various environments in order to replicate and to become dangerous for a person’s health. An integral part of any medical treatment is to be able to recognize and
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NPC Natural Product Communications Phenolic Composition‚ Antioxidant Capacity and Antibacterial Activity of Selected Irish Brassica Vegetables 2011 Vol. 6 No. 9 1299 - 1304 Amit Kumar Jaiswal‚ Gaurav Rajauria‚ Nissreen Abu-Ghannam* and Shilpi Gupta School of Food Science and Environmental Health‚ College of Sciences and Health‚ Dublin Institute of Technology‚ Cathal Brugha Street‚ Dublin 1‚ Ireland nissreen.abughannam@dit.ie Received: November 28th‚ 2010; Accepted: May 22nd‚ 2011
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