pKa of about 10‚ but our alcohol has more resonance opportunities‚ so the pKa is down around 8. This is sufficiently acidic for use of weak base like K2CO3 for deprotonation (Scheme 1). The acidic of the aldehyde also helps in purifying the crude product. Our conditions call for excess aldehyde‚ which we will wash away with base in the work-up. Aside from a good nucleophile‚ we also have a good‚ unhindered
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Monosaccharides Trioses Glyceraldyhyde‚ dihydroxyacetone Pentoses Ribose‚ ribulose Hexoses Glucose‚ galactose‚ mannose‚ fructose Dr. Jeelan Moghraby Termed according to location of oxidized functional group; aldose if aldehyde‚ and ketose if ketone Ketose named after the equivalent aldose; with addition of ‘ul’ Dr. Jeelan Moghraby Monosaccharides are Chiral Stereoisomers around asymmetric carbon Enantiomers are isomers that are mirror images of each
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Use this packet and your book to answer the questions throughout this packet. Organic Nomenclature - Alkanes‚ Alkenes‚ Alkynes Naming organic compounds can be a challenge to any chemist at any level. Historically‚ chemists developed names for new compounds without any systematic guidelines. In this century‚ the need for standardization was recognized. For simple molecules‚ the nomenclature system worked out by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (IUPAC) works well. For complex
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Chapter 7: Carbohydrates I. Carbohydrates A. Most abundant organic molecule in nature a) 3 major classes: Monosaccharides – simple sugar – polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone; represent individual sugar Oligosaccharides – consist of short chains of monosaccharide units joined together by covalent bonds; 2-10 strings of sugar Polysaccharides – long chains having hundreds or thousands of monosaccharide units b) Functions: Provide energy thru oxidation – glucose oxidized for energy Supply carbon
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Module II Lecture 14 Reduction Reactions 2.1.1 Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH) 2.1.1.1 Introduction Lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) is a strong reducing agent with chemical formula LiAlH4. It can reduce a variety of functional groups such as aldehydes‚ esters‚ acids‚ ketones‚ nitriles‚ epoxides and azides. It vigorously reacts with water and all the reactions are performed in polar aprotic solvents. 2.1.1.2 Preparation It was first prepared by treating lithium hydride (LiH) with aluminum chloride
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Classification for Functional Groups Alcohols Lucas test (Differentiates primary‚ secondary‚ and tertiary alcohols) Reagent: ZnCl2 in conc. HCl Observation: Rate of reaction (tertiary alcohol> secondary alcohol> primary alcohol) Procedure: 2mL Lucas Reagent in test tube+ 3-4 drops of alcohol‚ stopper‚ shake vigorously‚ NOTE time required (less than 10m mins only) to form an emulsion or separate layers. Oxidation (Confirms if alcohol is oxidizable: presence of H in C-OH bond) Reagent:
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recrystallization methods. The percent recovery and percent yield were 80.46% and 47.526%‚ respectively. A melting point range of 85-87oC was obtained from the purified product. - Introduction A Grignard reaction adds an alkyl-magnesium halide to an aldehyde or ketone carbonyl carbon. The alkyl-magnesium halide is known as the Grignard reagent. The carbon bonded to the magnesium
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Chapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols C O O H H sp3 alcohol pKa~ 16-18 phenol (aromatic alcohol) pKa~ 10 Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a saturated carbon (sp3) Phenols contain an OH group connected to a carbon of a benzene ring O H C C H C C O chemistry dominated by the keto form 76 enol keto H O H R O H R O R R O O R’ water alcohol R S H ether R S R peroxide R S S R’ thiols thioether disulfides
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Abstract: The targeted trisubstituted ethylene compound Butyl 2-Cyano-(3‚5 dichloro-phenyl)-2-propenoate and its copolymer with styrene was prepared in this lab. The base catalyzed Knoevengael condensation of butyl cyanoacetate and corresponding aldehyde led to the forming Butyl 2-Cyano-(3‚5 dichloro-phenyl)-2-propenoate. The analyses that were used to prove its composition and structure include; IR spectroscopy‚ thin layer chromatography (TLC)‚ and CHN analysis. A radical copolymerization reaction
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Abstract Pyrorle-2-aldehyde and 1‚3-diaminopropane react under reflux to form a transition metal ion of Nickel(II)‚ that further more react with nickel acetate to form red crystals through condensation‚ the colour being constituded by the congugated bonds. These series of reactions synthesize the Schiff Base ligand and Nickel(II) complex of the Schiff base ligand. 0.36g of the Schiff base ligand is yielded and 0.1g of the nickel complex is yielded from the 0.36g Schiff base ligand and 0.5g nickel
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