Wittig Reaction and Photoisomerization Abstract: For this laboratory experiment stilbene was produced through a Wittig reaction with benzyltriphenyl phosphonium and benzaldehyde producing a form of stilbene (Figure 1). This reaction favored a crude Z-Stilbene crystal product over its E counterpart. When Z-Stilbene underwent photoisomerization with iodine for 1 hour it reconfigured almost exclusively into its more stable counterpart E-Stilbene. The reaction produced very low yield of 6.3% due
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groups of the analgesic drug components‚ the relative strength of their polarities can be determined. For example‚ if a compound contains carboxylic acid‚ alcohol or amine functional groups‚ it should be very polar. If a compound contains ketone‚ aldehyde‚ ester‚ amide‚ or ether functional groups‚ it should be polar. Lastly‚ if a compound
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INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY: FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS Barbara H. Stuart University of Technology‚ Sydney‚ Australia 72 Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications hydrocarbons appear in the 3000–2800 cm−1 range and the C–H stretching bands of methyl groups and methylene groups are readily differentiated. For methyl groups‚ asymmetric C–H stretching occurs at 2870 cm−1 ‚ while symmetric C–H stretching occurs at 2960 cm−1 . By comparison‚ methylene groups show asymmetric stretching at 2930
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The goal for our lab activity was to make a silver mirror by reducing silver ions with dextrose. The materials that we used were acetone‚ 5 mL of 1.5 M ammonium nitrate solution (NH4NO3)‚ 5 mL of 0.5 silver nitrate solution (AgNO3)‚ 10 mL of 5% dextrose solution (C6H12O6)‚ 10mL of 10% sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH)‚ a 50 mL beaker‚ a 250 mL Florence flask with a rubber stopper‚ a 10 mL graduated cylinder‚ a waste beaker‚ and distilled water. The first thing we did was rinsed the beaker‚ cylinder
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where X and Y are the electron withdrawing groups such as –CN‚-COOR‚-COR‚ NO2‚ etc. These groups are capable of stabilizing an adjacent carbanion by resonance. So in this experiment‚ the Knoevenagel Condensation of diethyl malonate with aromatic aldehyde salicylaldehyde involves an initial aldol-type addition followed by a spontaneous dehydration. The final step forms a lactone ring‚ generating the heterocyclic ring system known as Coumarin. One of the best known synthetic coumarins is warfarin
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amino groups present in proteins. The last part of this lab takes an unknown substance and by the four tests‚ determine what the substance is. BENEDICT’S TEST Introduction: Monosaccharides and disaccharides can be detected because of their free aldehyde groups‚ thus‚ testing positive for the Benedict’s test. Such sugars act as a reducing agent‚ and is called a reducing sugar. By mixing the sugar solution with the Benedict’s solution and adding heat‚ an oxidation- reduction reaction will occur.
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Polysaccharides: From Waste Products to Smart Materials Dr. Caroline L. Schauer Polysaccharides are simply carbohydrates formed by combination or chain of monosaccharides and are a very common organic compound found in nature. We are exposed to them various times a day and they make up an important part of our Earth. Some common polysaccharides are: cellulose‚ chitin (in seafood)‚ starch‚ alginate‚ hydroaluronic acid‚ chondritin sulfate‚ glycogen‚ xylan‚ pectin‚ and various others. Polysaccharides
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“The Feasibility of Using the Shells of Durian Fruit (Durio zebethinus) extract as the main ingredient for a Deodorizer.” A topic proposal presented to Immaculate Conception Academy High School Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Research Submitted by: Michelle Cabral #6 Regine Cheng #9 Hanna Flores #16 Jamie Lazo #23 Phinney Siy #28 III-Justice December 14‚ 2006 Submitted to: Ms. Venessa Antonio Abstract The researchers’ study primarily aims to find
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John Heger CMY 211 Lab Section 13 11-30-2011 Borohydride Reduction of Vanillin to Vanillyl Alcohol Introduction: The purpose of this lab was to reduce vanillin to vanillyl alcohol. This lab report recaps the procedure and results of the lab. The chemical process studied in this lab was reduction‚ the process of reducing the number of bonds to oxygen and increasing the number of bonds to hydrogen. Other chemical processes included in the lab were recrystallization‚ melting point‚ and extraction
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possible molecules: Caffeine Theobromine Acetylsalicylic Acid (aspirin) Acetaminophen Ibuprofen Naproxen (Aleve) DEET Octyl acetate Isopentyl acetate Ethyl butyrate Methyl butyrate Methyl salicylate Isobutyl formate Citral Cinnamon aldehyde Vanillin Testosterone Estradiol Cholesterol Dopamine Serotonin Norepinephrine Pseudophedrine Methamphetamine AZT Nonoxynol-9 Nicotine Valium LSD Mescaline Psilocybin Novocaine Ecstasy (MDMA) THC Buckyballs Helpful Internet
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