3.3. Atomic H/C and O/C ratio The Atomic H/C and O/C for heavy oil obtained from different HDO solvent is presented in Fig. 2. Conversion and removal of unstable acid‚ aldehyde‚ sugar and water might reduce the O/C ratio. The atomic ratio was calculated by the value of water excluded heavy oil‚ since H/C ratio could also decrease‚ despite hydrogenation. Compared with that of bio-oil (0.9)‚ atomic O/C ratio was effectively reduced via HDO reaction (0.2-0.8)‚ H/C ratio reduced 1.0-2.0 (compared with
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Figure 6: Imatinib The first imatinib drug synthesis was done by Zimmermann (figure 7) in 1993‚ he used a chain of the reaction to reach to imatinib but the important part is that both guanidinium nitrate 7 and aminopyrimidine 8 are precipitated from the respective reaction mixtures by the addition of Figure 7: imatinib synthesis by Zimmermann insolubilizing solvents‚ so we got a condensation reaction between guanidinium salt 7 with enone “9” to form the aminopyrimidine “8” then “8” is
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A Report of Experiment 1 Purification and Identification of An Unknown Mixture Aim To separate a mixture of a neutral (ester‚ alcohol‚ ketone‚ aldehyde or ether) and an acidic compound (phenol or carboxylic acid) or a neutral and a basic compound (amine)‚ and to identify the unknown mixture by physical (M.P. or B.P.) and spectroscopic methods (NMR‚ IR and MS). Method The mixture (sample number: 27) was dissolved in 200 mL of CH2Cl2 and then extracted with 10% NaOH. The acid was removed
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Australian College of Business and Technology CHE001- CHEMISTRY UNIT OUTLINE – Trimester 1‚ 2013 Module Name: | Chemistry | Module Code: | CHE001 | Nominal Duration: | 52 Hours (4 hours/week | Discipline: | Stream Module * Engineering * Science (Health Sciences) * Science (Physical Sciences) | Module Purpose: | This module introduces the study of matter and its interactions thereby providing a link with other branches of natural science. It’s designed to assist students
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What Is Parkinson’s Disease? What Causes Parkinson’s Disease? Parkinson’s disease is a progressive nervous system disorder that affects how the person moves‚ including how they speak and write. Symptoms develop gradually‚ and may start off with ever-so-slight tremors in one hand. People with Parkinson’s disease also experience stiffness and find they cannot carry out movements as rapidly as before - this is called bradykinesia. The muscles of a person with Parkinson’s become weaker and the individual
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The carcinogenic nature of N-nitrosamines depends on the organs. For example‚ their targets for cancer in rodents include thyroid‚ pancreas‚ urinary bladder‚ trachea‚ lung‚ oral and nasal cavities‚ esophagus‚ kidney and liver. With respect to N-nitrosamides‚ skin‚ bone‚ peripheral nervous system‚ brain‚ small intestine and glandular stomach are targeted organs for cancers. Besides cancer‚ acute myelocytic leukemia and T and B cell lymphoma have also been triggered by N-nitrosamides. In table 8.1
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There are many use of terpenes. In our daily life‚terpenes are used in flavor and fragrances‚additives to rubber and plastics‚paints and construction materials. Many terpenes are hydrocarbons‚ but oxygen-containing compounds such as alcohols‚ aldehydes or ketones are also found. Their building block is the hydrocarbon isoprene‚ CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2‚ Terpene hydrocarbons therefore have molecular formulas (C5H8)n. The larger structures are made up of several isoprene units‚ usually by "head-to-tail"
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Acid: by steam or hot water‚ and make fat hydration‚ and then to remove impurities‚ the steam import oil‚ free fatty acids with steam distilled out‚ remove after condensation;Or get hot water mixed with oil emulsification and clarified in a centrifuge to remove phospholipids‚ free fatty acid and plant materials such as mucus.And vacuum drying‚ the product is called crude oil. Alkali refining: by alkali refining‚ can further remove most of the free fatty acids‚ phospholipids‚ pigment‚ iron and copper
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3. What is photochemical smog‚ and how does it form? * Photochemical smog is a mixture of primary and secondary pollutants that react with UV radiation from the sun. * VOCs+ NOx+heat+sunlight→ground level ozone+photochemical oxidants+aldehydes+other secondary air pollutants 4. List five factors that can reduce air pollution and six factors that can increase air pollution. * See chapter outline notes‚
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Introduction In a chromatographic separation process‚ different kinds of functional groups and number of functional groups of molecules will determine the separation. Depending on what kind of solute‚ solvent‚ and adsorbent used‚ molecules will experience the interaction during dynamic equilibrium. On a TLC plate‚ capillary tube is used to transfer o- and p- hydroxyacetopheone‚ taking advantage of capillary force to make small spotting. A 30:70 ether acetate: petroleum ether is used as a solvent
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