Wireless communication protocols have evolved rapidly since the introduction of 802.11 Legacy over a decade ago. Over the last 10 years we have seen efficiency and performance increases on all fronts‚ which have lead to greater range and faster transfer speeds. With Legacy 802.11 protocols‚ speeds maxed out at around 2 Mbits/sec and indoor range was only about 20 meters. In 1999‚ the 802.11 protocol got a couple of amendments in the form of 802.11a and 802.11b. Both offered higher speeds and slightly
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Master of Science‚ 2004 Thesis Directed By: Professor Christopher C. Davis‚ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering This paper models the effects of the leaves of mature broadleaf trees on air-to-ground free-space optical (FSO) communication systems operating through the leaf canopy. Ecological radiation transfer models are considered and the concept of Leaf Area Index (LAI) is reviewed and related to a probabilistic model. Leaf transmittance is experimentally measured for different
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Wireless GSM Based Electronic Notice Board Mrs. S.P.Gaikwad ‚ Manikeshwari Shahdeo ‚ Meghna Priya ‚ Prashant Kr. Raghav Department Of Electronics Bharati Vidyapeeth College Of Engineering ‚ Pune India shilpapgaikwad@gmail.com maanimagic@gmail.com meghna.aquarious@gmail.com lucky_prashant90@yahoo.com Abstract- GSM based electronic notice display system is presented in this paper‚ this is the model for displaying notices in college on electronic notice board by sending messages in form of SMS
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What risks and safeguards are associated with wireless communication? What is “war driving” or “war flying”? Are you comfortable (or would you use) a wireless “hot spot” to do computer work? What safeguards might you use in accessing an unprotected (public) wireless communications? Are you more at risk using a wireless connection via laptop or a connection via a smart phone? Transmissions over wireless networks can be intercepted by any suitable device within the transmission radius. If a network
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The aim of this report is to research wireless antennas and differences between them. Antennas are included 3 types: omnidirectional‚ semi-directional‚ and highly-directional. Any antenna has three fundamental properties: gain‚ directional and polarization. Omnidirectional Antennas. We can use this antenna in a: point-multipoint link‚ warehouse‚ hotspot‚ trade show‚ airport. The omnidirectional antennas transmit a signal in all directions‚ it is known dipole ("non-directional") antenna. The
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Wired or Wireless‚ What’s the Difference? The main difference between a wired and wireless data communication infrastructure is the existence of physical cabling. The same‚ or similar techniques are employed for both types of data communication infrastructure in terms of the core elements of essential network services. The basic difference between a wired and a wireless network is self-explanatory. A wired network uses wires to communicate whereas a wireless network uses radiowaves. Let us look
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Wireless communication is the transfer of information between two or more points that are not connected by an electrical conductor. The most common wireless technologies use radio. With radio waves distances can be short‚ such as a few meters for television or as far as thousands or even millions of kilometers for deep-space radio communications. It encompasses various types of fixed‚ mobile‚ and portable applications‚ including two-way radios‚ cellular telephones‚ personal digital assistants
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In "Smart Wi-Fi‚" Alex Hills argues that as more people start to use wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks‚ improvements to the wireless technology are needed to ensure reliable and secure services. An increase in popularity of Wi-Fi has come at the cost of creating difficult problems for designers of the technology. However‚ Hills notes that there has been "substantial progress" towards solving many of these problems. Hills covers some of the developments in wireless local area network (LAN) technology
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environment effect On wireless communication systems Gohar Rouhani Zeidanlou Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. University Tenaga Nasional E-mail:gohar.rouhani@hotmail.com Abstract¬—The protection against electromagnetic environment effects (E3) on system is becoming more important since the modern communication based on wireless technology is developing fast. The reduction of the electromagnetic interference(EMI)and ensuring compatibility for communication systems are included
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Chapter 15 Homework Solutions 2. During Christmastime‚ when the public’s holdings of currency increase‚ what defensive open market operations typically occur? An increase in currency holdings causes the currency ratio to rise and the money multiplier to fall. As a result‚ there will be a decrease in the money supply. To maintain the money supply‚ the Fed must make a defensive purchase of bonds on the open market‚ raising the monetary base to counter the decline in the multiplier. 6. “The
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