------------------------------------------------- History of money The history of money spans thousands of years. Numismatics is the scientific study of money and its history in all its varied forms. Many items have been used as commodity money such as natural scarce precious metals‚ cowry shells‚ barley‚ beads etc.‚ as well as many other things that are thought of as having value. Modern money (and most ancient money) is essentially a token — in other words‚ an abstraction. Paper currency is
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primary goal of gaining wealth‚ enforcing laws and the inevitable extension of control while condoning the beginnings of European slavery in the Caribbean.[i] Alternately‚ behind the movement for converting Indians lay some important influences in Spain. The Spanish Crown established royal controls over the ecclesiastical benefices and over the immense wealth of the church.[ii] Two papal bulls were issued in the year of 1493 that established the Spanish position in the New World. They also established
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contradicting himself because while he says “their fashion of living was almost the same in Spain‚ with just as much harmony and order…” he follows his statement with “…considering these people were barbarous…”‚ saying that although they lived almost as amazing as the Spanish‚ he still considered them of less worth than the Europeans. Natives were also put to work as slaves as stated in a letter from King Alfonso of Kongo to King João III of Portugal. He states that “…many times noblemen and the sons
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Portugal is an independent nation along the Atlantic Ocean at the southwestern edge of Europe‚ occupies about one-sixth Iberian Peninsula‚ which it shares with Spain ‚ its only neighbor. It is one of the oldest nations in the Europe‚ Portugal became independent of both Moorish and Castilian control in 1143‚ when Alfonso I was proclaimed King. The original kingdom was located north of the Douro River‚ but it expanded southward along the coast by driving the Moors from Lisbon and Alentejo
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Castilla is a region in Spain with wide horizons‚ clear skies and full of life. The region is named so because the owners of the land built many castles to protect their properties from invasion of their enemies. In 1770‚ our dearest St. Dominic was born in the small city of Caleruega‚ province of Burgos‚ between two famous cities of Aranda de Duero and Santo Domingo de Silos‚ in the middle of Castilla. His parents‚ Felix de Guzman and Juana de Aza were landlords in Caleruega. His father employed
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ever get them. When Michael Alfonso took charge of the USS Florida‚ the crew welcomed his arrival. They knew he was one of them—a career Navy man who joined up as a teenager and moved up through the ranks. Past shipmates remembered him as basically a loner‚ who could be brusque but generally pleasant enough. Neighbors on shore found Alfonso to be an unfailingly polite man who kept mostly to himself. The crew’s delight in their new captain was short-lived. Commander Alfonso moved swiftly to assume command
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to secure the Spanish throne for his grandson. Louis was the son of Louis XIII and his Spanish queen‚ Anne of Austria. He flourished his father on May 14‚ 1643. At the age of four years and eight months‚ he was the owner of the bodies and property
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Alfonso 1 of the Kongo Kingdom The king of Portugal had been receiving a series of letters sent by the king of the Kongo‚ Alfonso 1‚ asking that his people would not be taken as slaves anymore. The slaves taken by Portuguese slave traders went on the middle passage to Brazil which had just been colonized. On the voyage the soon to be slaves experienced many diseases such as smallpox and scurvy. The people sent to be slaves on the ships died by the hundreds. Alfonso 1 of the Kongo kingdom had
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other people their age." Near the beginning alfonso‚ the main charecter‚ is someone who definitely does certain things to be more accepted. But he only cares what his peers think‚ no adults. For instance‚ Alfonso knows his father doesnt understaned the desier for a cool haircut. Because the story states‚’his father‚ who is pure mexicano‚ would sit in his chair after work‚sullen as a toad‚ and call him sissy if he dyed his hair purple and it a certin way.’Alfonso definitely doesnt want to act differently
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Henry the Navigator in the Age of Exploration Prince Henry was born in Portugal in 1394. He was the third son of King John I. In the year of 1415‚ Henry helped his two brothers attack the port of Ceuta in Morocco. This inspired him to explore the unknown of South Africa. In the Algarve‚ Henry constructed his own school of navigation on a promontory called Sagres that juts out into the sea between Cape St. Vincent and Lagos bay. Prince Henry set up this school‚ so that there would be a place where
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