Can Water Damage Concrete? Concrete is among the most useful substances ever produced. Mixed and used well‚ it produces a very durable material that’s perfect for constructing buildings and other structures. Science‚ however‚ has other ideas. While many may consider concrete very sturdy‚ its biggest enemy seems somewhat benign in comparison: water. Industry experts such as AlliedFinishes.com offer good proof. In commercial settings‚ buildings like warehouses and large-scale kitchens often feature
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acid + metal -------->salt + hydrogen acid + metal oxide--->salt + water acid + metal carbonate---->salt + water + carbon dioxide Element | Symbol | Valency | Hydrogen | H | 1 | Oxygen | O | -2 | Carbon | C | 4 | Calcium | Ca | 2 | Iron | Fe | 2 | Aluminium | Al | 3 | Sodium | Na | 1 | Potassium | K | 1 | Magnesium | Mg | 2 | Zinc | Zn | 2 | Copper | Cu | 2 | Silver | Ag | 1 | Lead | Pb | 2 | Chloride | Cl | -1 | Sulphate | SO4 | -2 | Hydroxide | OH
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Low-Impact Fiber-Reactive Dyes The sustainability of our environment is crucial in saving the livelihood of the people and the planet. Since we are all interdependent‚ we will all have to do our part in sustaining our environment for the future. We should always be questioning and doing more about it rather than just talking or ignoring the facts. Most of us do not realize the excessive use of resources we have taken advantage of over the years. Generations past have exploited our planet which
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A small amount of the unknown (approximately the tip of the spatula was used for all the pigments) was added into each clean dry test tube. For the first test 1 mL of 3 M of HNO3 was added. As soon as the acid came into with the solid‚ the pigment was observed to dissolve while also turning the solution into a pale clear colour. The same amount was used for the HCl reagent. As soon as the acid touched the pigment it yielded in a clear solution (solid dissolved after a few shakes). When the KI was
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is used‚ or they are susceptible to acids‚ alkali‚ heat and hydrogen
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PROBLEM SOLVING. 1. Calculate how many hydrogen atoms are contained in 2.3g of C2H5OH. [2] 2.3 x 1023 Hydrogen Atoms - 2.3g * 1mol/6.06g * 6.02 1023 / 1mol 2. An oxide of sulfur contains 60% by mass of oxygen. Determine the empirical formula of the compound. [2] 3. Ethylene glycol‚ the substance used in automobile antifreeze‚ is composed of 38.7 g carbon‚ 9.7 g hydrogen‚ and 51.6 g oxygen. a. What is the empirical formula of the compound?
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Soil conservation includes all such measures which protect the soil from erosion and restore its fertility. These measures are of two types-(a) small measures to check soil erosion at local or even individual level‚ and (b) large measures at government level involving larger area and heavy investment. (a) Small Measures-These include afforestation‚ regularised land strip cultivation or contour farming or terrace farming in hilly areas‚ use of stubble mulch system‚ increasing cohesiveness of the
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Metals and Non-metals Elements are divided mainly into two groups on the basis of physical and chemical properties – Metal and Non-metal. Metals: Part - I Physical Properties of Metals:- Hardness:- Most of the metals are hard‚ except alkali metals‚ such as sodium‚ potassium‚ lithium‚ etc. Sodium‚ potassium‚ lithium etc. are very soft metals‚ these can be cut using knife. Strength:- Most of the metals are strong and have high tensile strength. Because of this big structures are made using metals
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PCA R&D Serial No. 2983 Hexavalent Chromium in Cement Manufacturing: Literature Review by Linda Hills and Vagn C. Johansen ©Portland Cement Association 2007 All rights reserved KEYWORDS ACD‚ alkali‚ allergic contact dermatitis‚ cement‚ chromate eczema‚ chrome‚ chromium‚ clinker‚ Cr (VI)‚ Cr (III)‚ ferrous sulfate‚ finish mill‚ health‚ hexavalent‚ kiln atmosphere‚ manganese sulfate‚ Occupational Safety & Health Administration‚ OSHA‚ oxidation‚ portland cement‚ raw materials‚ reducing
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derived from oils or fats by reacting them with an alkali (such as sodium or potassium hydroxide) at 80°–100 °C in a process known as saponification. fat + NaOH ---> glycerol + sodium salt of fatty acid CH2-OOC-R - CH-OOC-R - CH2-OOC-R (fat) + 3 NaOH ( or KOH) both heated ---> CH2-OH -CH-OH - CH2-OH (glycerol) + 3 R-CO2-Na (soap) R=(CH2)14CH3 Soap is a cleansing agent created by the chemical reaction of a fatty acid with an alkali metal hydroxide. Chemically speaking‚ it is a salt composed
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