found in higher quantities in dark chocolate than milk chocolate. Theobromine increases excretion of water from bodies‚ relaxes‚ and stimulates. There is no evidence of the relationship between the structure and functions. Theobromine is an alkaloid belonging to the methylxanthine group. It is made up of seven carbon atoms‚ eight hydrogen atoms‚ four nitrogen atoms‚ and two oxygen atoms. Theobromine is very similar to caffeine but is ten times weaker. Caffeine has two more hydrogen atoms than
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skeletal muscles. That is why tea removes fatigue‚ tiredness and headache. It also increases the capacity of thinking. It is also used for lowering body temperature. The principal constituent of tea‚ which is responsible for all these properties‚ is the alkaloid-caffeine. The amount of caffeine in tea leavers varies from sample to sample. Originally it was thought that caffeine is responsible for the taste and flavour of tea. But pure caffeine has been found to be a tasteless while substance. Therefore‚
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The Ashwagandha Plant Ashwagandha- the Indian ginseng Ashwagandha - also known as Indian Winter Cherry has the Botanical name Withania Somnifera -It is a shrub belonging to Solanace family. It is grown in the western India‚ Gujarat‚ MP‚ Punjab and in Himalaya Ashwagandha gets its name because its roots have the odor of horse. ( Ashwa = horse ‚ gandha = odor ). It is called by another name Varaha karni because its leaves resemble pig’s ear. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is also
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Philippine Journal of Science 134 (1): 31-37‚ June 2005 ISSN 0031 - 7683 31 Merlyn S. Mendioro * ‚ Maria Genaleen Q. Diaz ‚ Maria Theresa B. Alcantara‚ Oscar J. Hilario‚ Patrocinio Mateo and Reycel D.M. Maghirang Key words : cytological studies‚ iron-acetocarmine squash technique‚ Euphorbia ‚ Moringa ‚ Chrysanthemum ‚ karyotype *Corresponding author: msmendioro@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION Plant products are widely used in pharmaceuticals‚ cosmetics and food industries. Many pharmaceutical
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The Effects of Microwave Apparatus on Food and Humans Hikaru Sugimori A microwave is a kitchen appliance that cooks food by dielectric heating. This is done by using radiation to heat water and other polarized molecules within the food. Using the microwave‚ people can buy pre-cooked foods at convenient stores and cook them in the microwave at home in a matter of minutes. Microwave ovens became widespread in the 1970s and 80s‚ and today‚ 90% of American households have a microwave. Microwaves
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The aim of the present study is to use detail diagnostic characters and instrumental validation for authentication of a traditionally important herbal drug known as “Vidari” in local Indian market. Vidari drug has four different botanical entities namely Pueraria tuberose DC (P.t) (family: Leguminosae)‚ Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq (I. m) (family: Convolvulaceae)‚ Adenia hondala de Wide (A. h) (family: Passifloraceae) and Cycas circinalis (C. c) Linn (family: Cycadaceae). In this study morphological
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count studies revealed the bactericidal nature of the seed extracts. Statistical analysis proved the better/equal efficacy of some of these seed extracts as compared to standard antibiotics. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of 2.80 – 4.23% alkaloids‚ 8.58 – 15.06% flavonoids‚ 19.71 – 27.77% tannins‚ 0.55–0.70% saponins and cardiac glycosides. Conclusion Antibacterial efficacy shown by these plants provides a scientific basis and thus‚ validates their traditional uses as homemade remedies
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Opium Study Sheet Opium General term for all opiates Opiate Any alkaloid found in the opium poppy plant Alkaloid Organic compound containing basic nitrogen atoms Opium poppy plant Also known as common garden poppy Produces poppy seeds Grows large green pods before blooming If cut‚ latex leaks out Once latex dries (oxidizes) it becomes smokeable tar This tar is what the Chinese bought and what caused the opium wars Refined raw opium Morphine Always present in opium Pure morphine
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Abstract: Caffeine‚ (C8 H10 N4 O2) a white‚ crystalline alkaloid known as a nervous system stimulant found commonly in tea leaves and coffee‚ can be extracted using the method of sublimation with the use of Methylene Chloride (CH2Cl2) and Sodium Hydroxide; both can repeatedly rinse the green (unroasted) coffee beans from the caffeine. Keywords: Caffeine‚ Methylene Chloride‚ Sodium Hydroxide‚ Anhydrous Sodium Sulfate I. Introduction Caffeine is an alkaloid of the methylxanthine family. Its chemical formula
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Drug use originated in medicinal treatments for both spiritual and physical ailments. The earliest forms of drugs were all natural‚ created with blends of plants‚ animal products‚ and minerals. Their uses were often stumbled upon by accident. Drugs were also a large part of religion. Addictive‚ psychoactive substances were used in many religious ceremonies; coca (cocaine plant) leaves were considered sacred and used in worship by the Incas‚ and Ethiopian priests roasted and boiled coffee beans to
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