widely known by several other chemical names which include 1‚3‚7-trimethylxanthine‚ trimethylxanthine‚ methyltheobromine‚ 7-methyltheophylline‚ theine‚ mateine‚ and guaranine. Caffeine is identified as a bitter‚ odourless‚ white crystalline xanthine alkaloid which is a psychoactive stimulant drug. Caffeine is found in the beans‚ leaves and fruits of some plant in various quantities. It is most commonly found in the beans of coffee plants and leaves of tea bush. Caffeine was originally used as natural
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it is totally legal. The chemical name of caffeine is 1‚ 3‚ 7 – Trimethylpurine – 2‚ 6‚ - dione. Its molecular formula is C8H10N4O2 and it has a molecular mass of 194.19 g/mole. Caffeine is an odourless‚ white crystalline purine‚ a methylxanthine alkaloid‚ which is closely chemically related to adenine and guanine. Caffeine acts through multiple mechanisms‚ however the most prominent of which is the antagonism of adenosine receptors (ADORA1 and ADORA2) and consequently it prevents the onset of drowsiness
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the royal family at first. • The smuggling (走私) speeded up the spread of opium to the bottom of society in 17th century (Qing Dyansty) The Opium War 东莞虎门林则徐硝烟纪念馆 香港历史博物馆 Morphine – The Active Molecule in Opium • Opium contains 24 different alkaloids (生物碱). Morphine (吗啡) is the most abundant one‚ up to 10% of the crude opium extract. • Pure morphine was first isolated from the poppy latex in 1803‚ and was named after Morpheus‚ the Roman god of dreams (梦神?). The darker lines of the
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Caffeine effect on Daphnia’s heart rate Prepared for: Androniki Kloni By: Maria Mitsi October 6‚ 2013 Abstract Caffeine is a bitter‚ white crystalline xanthine alkaloid and a stimulant drug. Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the seeds‚ leaves‚ and fruit of some plants‚ where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants‚ as well as enhancing the reward memory of pollinators. An experiment was held‚ on an aquatic
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Switzerland as part of a large research program searching for medically useful ergot alkaloid derivatives. LSD ’s psychedelic properties were discovered 5 years later when Hofmann himself accidentally ingested an unknown quantity of the chemical.[86]The first intentional ingestion of LSD occurred on April 19‚ 1943‚[87] when Hofmann ingested 250 µg of LSD. He said‚ this would be a threshold dose based on the dosages of other ergot alkaloids. Hofmann found the effects to be much stronger than he anticipated.[88] Sandoz
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Christopher Johnson McCandless (February 12‚ 1968 – August 1992) was an American hiker who adopted the alias Alexander Supertramp and ventured into the Alaskan wilderness in April 1992 with little food and equipment‚ hoping to live simply for a time in solitude. Almost four months later‚ McCandless’s remains were found‚ weighing only 67 pounds (30 kg). It has recently been speculated that Chris had developed lathyrism‚ caused by his consumption of seeds from a flowering plant in the legume family
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Abstract: As can be observed‚ the uses of the pandan tree are not limited to cooking uses. Its leaves and roots are found to have medicinal benefits. Such parts of the plant have been found to have essential oils‚ tannin‚ alkaloids and glycosides‚ which are the reasons for the effective treatment of various health concerns. It functions as a pain reliever‚ mostly for headaches and pain caused by arthritis‚ and even hangover. It can also be used as antiseptic and anti-bacterial‚ which makes it
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Allelopathic effect of S. macrophylla on the growth of V. radiata seedlings Thea Philea I. Mostralesa‚ Greeny Joy A. Perucho‚ Rhoshela Vi C. Rendon‚ John Gregor A. Rono‚ Emmerson P. Rullog‚ Riffcord R-Denz M. Tabula Institute of Biology‚ College of Science‚ University of the Philippines‚ Diliman‚ Quezon City (a Thea Philea I. Mostrales‚ e-mail: theaphilea.mostrales@gmail.com) ABSTRACT Swietenia macrophylla‚ or commonly known as the mahogany tree in the Philippines‚ is an introduced species of
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Chem-127 – Impact of Chemistry – H. D. Roth Chapter 10: Drugs‚ Manipulating Molecules Everyday drugs – are we dependent? Prescription drugs – are we dependent? How harmful are illicit drugs? Are “natural” herbal remedies safer than synthetic ones? How are effective drugs designed? HDR-F-2012 Prontosil – the first antibiotic Prontosil‚ an effective antibacterial agent‚ belongs to the class of azo dyes‚ which were the first commercially produced chemicals; they effectively dyed wool
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Eggplant fruit extract: As an alternative pesticide Against damp wood termites A Science Investigatory Project Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements In Science Research I Mrs. Mishel Cadungog Research I Adviser Proponents: Eidden Abygail Maglana Francia Rose C. Villagonzalo October 2012 Chapter I: Introduction Nowadays‚ wood sellers in the Republic of the Philippines are experiencing one common problem. These are the termites (Isoptera) that are continuously
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