adults from all socioeconomic backgrounds. Epidemiologic data suggest that cocaine use is a serious public health problem because it is highly addictive and is associated with a variety of neurological complications. Cocaine‚ a natural alkaloid‚ is extracted from leaves of an Andean shrub‚ Erythroxylon coca. Coca leaves were used by the native populations to alleviate the rigors of high altitude and to diminish fatigue. Although cocaine was extracted in pure form from coca in 1860
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food in terms taste‚ texture and appearance. Using random sampling‚ inexperienced respondents were invited to a food tasting activity to establish its acceptability. Research from existing literature‚ studies and experiments showed the presence of alkaloids‚ flavonoids‚ tannins‚ cardiac glycosides‚ anthraquinone‚ phlobatinnins‚ saponins and anthrocyanosides. Vitamins A‚ C and E and minerals‚ namely‚ calcium‚ magnesium‚ CASSAVA LEAVES AS
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Army Ants | | | | | | There are over 200 known species of army ant‚ divided into New World and Old World types. All are members of the true ant family Formicidae. New World army ants belong to the subfamily Ecitoninae. This subfamily is further broken into two groups‚ Cheliomyrmex and the Ecitonini. The Ecitonini group contains three genera‚ Neivamyrmex‚ Nomamyrmex‚ Labidus‚ and Eciton‚ the genus after which the group is named (Brady‚ 2003‚ Tree of Life). The most predominant species
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Introduction • Bone tumor is neoplastic growth of tissue in bone‚ abnormal growth can benign or malignant. • Average five year survival in united states after being diagnosed with bone & joint cancer is 67%. CLASSIFICATION Tumor classified as primary tumors‚ which originate in bone derived cells & tissues.it may be neoplastic‚ developmental‚ traumatic‚ infectious & inflammatory etiology. Secondary tumors originate in other sites & spread (metastasizes) to skeleton. Carcinomas of prostate‚
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to biological compounds in everyday life such as tea. Green tea is one of the most popular beverages in the world partly due to its potential health benefits and stimulus effects. What provides this stimulus effect is caffeine‚ a naturally found alkaloid within green tea². Caffeine is built up of the chemical formula 1‚3‚7 trimethylxanthine². Using solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extractions‚ caffeine can be removed from green tea leaves in its crude form. The average percent caffeine extracted in
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It’s funny how squirrels seem like this fun loving creature that wouldn’t harm a fly. You would be surprised if you found out what and how a squirrel causes problems to many things our environment. Squirrels are really just a pesky rodent that everyone loves to watch‚ but doesn’t want them to be anywhere near their gardens or homes etc. Basically either let them damage your belongings and cost you money‚ take the time and money to control them and save you money in the long run. Squirrel (Sciurus
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50% or 1:2 w/v tincture). Determining the ‘correct’ proportions of alcohol to water in the solvent The percentage of water and alcohol in a tincture is based on the plant constituents that are to be extracted. Some plant constituents such as alkaloids
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Coffee is a brewed beverage with a dark‚ slightly acidic flavor prepared from the roasted seeds of the coffee plant‚ called coffee beans. Green (unroasted) coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Coffee can have a stimulating effect on humans due to its caffeine content. It is one of the most-consumed beverages in the world. Ampalaya (Momordica charantia Linn.)‚ also known as Bitter Melon‚ is a crawling vine that grows well in tropical countries‚ particularly in the
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vitamins‚ essential oils (Smith and Siwatibau‚ 1975‚ Macleod and Troconis‚ 1975)‚ minerals‚ enzymes‚ proteins (Deo and Shastri‚ 2003)‚ sesquiterpenoid alcohols and triterpenoid acids (Smith et al‚ 1975; Wilson111 and Shaw‚ 1978; Begum et al.‚ 2002)‚ alkaloids‚ glycosides‚ steroids‚ flavanoids‚ tannins‚ saponins (Cho et al.‚ 2003; Narayana et al.‚ 2001; Geidam et al.‚ 2007) (Table 1). Psidium guajava or guava is very rich in antioxidants and vitamins and also high in lutein‚ zeaxanthine and lycopene (Tee
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Nicotine is an alkaloid present in plants of the Family Solanaceae. Most commonly found in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)‚ nicotine serves as a plant secondary chemical to protect plants against insects and other herbivores. Nicotine is an addictive stimulant in mammals‚ and is commonly used in cigarettes‚ cigars‚ pipes‚ and chewing tobacco. Nicotine can be administered to the body in many ways: orally through smoking tobacco‚ inhaling vaporized nicotine‚ or ingesting nicotine substances such as gum
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