Surname Centre Number Candidate Signature Other Names Candidate Number For Examiner’s Use General Certificate of Secondary Education June 2007 SCIENCE B Unit Chemistry C1 CHEMISTRY Unit Chemistry C1 Higher Tier Thursday 21 June 2007 1.30 pm to 2.15 pm CHY1H H For Examiner’s Use Question Mark Question Mark For this paper you must have: a ruler. You may use a calculator. Time allowed: 45 minutes Instructions Use blue or black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of
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Intermolecular forces are forces between molecules that determine whether the molecule is a solid‚ liquid‚ or gas under standard conditions. In our lab‚ we measured the maximum and minimum temperature reached and time it took to reach it of alcohols and alkanes. In addition‚ we measured the vapor pressure of the liquid at different temperatures. Through Experiment 9‚ we concluded that molecules with hydrogen bonds or long chains in the structural formula have stronger intermolecular forces‚ and that as temperature
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Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons from Crude Oil by Pseudomonas putida A Project done under the guidance of Dr. K. Bharathi Department of Biotechnology. Submitted to the faculty Of Department of Biotechnology National Institute Of Technology‚ Warangal (A.P) Submitted By Febin P. Nalpady‚ Anzal Rahman‚ Shruti Sharma‚ Sindhuja Nandiraju‚ Giraboina
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Diels-Alder reactions are steriospecific (cis-alkenes form cis substituted and trans-alkenes form trans-substituted); this is called syn addition‚ the configuration of dienophiles is always retained in the product. The diene and dienophile react in such a way that the endo product is formed rather than the exo
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The purpose of this experiment was to perform a wittig reaction‚ the horner-emmons wittig specifically‚ reacting an aldehyde with an ylide to make an alkene. This particular variation of the wittig reaction has several advantages: It gives only the trans product; it uses a much milder base that is easier to handle; and it gives a water soluble byproduct which is easy to separate from the product. The reason that these advantages occur is a change in the structure of the ylide. Instead of a tripheylphosphine
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Name Lab Section GTA Station 1. Grignard Reaction Post-lab report Fill out the appropriate sections below. Show all work. Your calculated answers need to match the answers in the table. Also‚ attach the benzophenone and product spectra. Indicate appropriate stretches including differences in both spectra. Results | | Amounts and units | |Initial
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200 Things to Know to Pass the Chemistry Exam 1. Protons are positively charged (+) with a mass of 1 amu. Example: Which has the greatest nuclear charge? Cl-35 Ar-40 K-39 Ca-40 2. Neutrons have no charge and a mass of 1 amu. 3. Electrons are small and are negatively charged (-) with a mass of almost 0 amu.. 4. Protons & neutrons are in an atom’s nucleus (nucleons). Which has the greatest number of nucleons? Sn-119 Sb-122 Te-128 I-127 5. Electrons are found in “clouds”
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Intermolecular Bonding Essay Write an essay on intermolecular bonding. Explain how each type of bond arises and the evidence for the existence of each. Comment on their strengths in relation to the types of atoms involved; the covalent bond and relative to each other. Use the concepts of different types and strengths of intermolecular bonds to explain the following: There exists four types of intermolecular bonding‚ they include ionic‚ covalent‚ Van der waals and hydrogen bonding. In order to
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Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves by Steam Distillation and its Identification by Infrared Spectroscopy Eim A. Chemist CHEM 303 June 16‚ 2005 INTRODUCTION “Essential oils” are the volatile components associated with the aromas of many plants.1 In this experiment‚ the essential oil eugenol (the main component of oil of cloves) will be isolated from ground cloves using the technique of steam distillation‚ which is often used to isolate liquid natural products from plants.2 The principle
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hybridization greater contributing structure? filled valences more covalent bonds minimize charge separation charges on atoms of appropriate EN NOTE: Hybrid looks like major contributor ON MIDTERM TRY THESE: CH3N3 O3 CH3CO2 Chapter 2 Saturated alkanes: maximum of C-H bonds Representations ball + stick line
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