cat cracker. Catalysts used for cracking alkanes are inorganic compounds called zeolites crystalline compounds of Al‚ Si‚ and O with some metal ions. Zeolites are effective as catalysts because they have a very large surface area per unit mass. Mixtures of alkanes can also be cracked by thermal or steam cracking. ================================ Properties of Alkanes and Alkenes Alkenes have similar physical properties to the corresponding alkanes. They are both non-polar molecules with weak
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The Earth’s atmosphere has changed over billions of years‚ but for the past 200 million years it has been much as it is today. We are‚ however‚ causing our atmosphere to change by human activity. Burning fossil fuels and deforestation are two examples of human effect on the environment. Composition of the Earth’s atmosphere The composition of air You need to know the proportions of the main gases in the atmosphere. The Earth’s atmosphere has remained much the same for the past 200 million years
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1 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes IIT-JEE Chemistry Siddhivinayaka Educational Academy Rajendra Nagar Chowk Link Road Bilaspur Ph-07752- 237799/238799 Website : www.bajpaigroup.com. e-mail - info@bajpaigroup.com CHAPTER 23 LEARNINg OBJECTIvES (i) Name haloalkanes and haloarenes according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature from their given structures. (ii) Describe the reactions involved in the preparation of haloalkanes and haloarenes and understand various reactions that they undergo.
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A- HPTLC Flavonoid profile of methanol extract M. concanensis leaves B- HPTLC Flavonoid profile of methanol extract M. concanensis flowers C- HPTLC Flavonoid profile of methanol extract M. concanensis seeds 4.2.3.1 C) HPTLC Phenol profile of M. concanensis Nimmo. HPTLC finger printing of M. concanensis was done by using selected solvent system Chloroform: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (50%:40%:10%v/v) for leaf‚ flower and seed extracts‚ visualized under UV 254 and 366 nm showed more
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Environmental Chemistry It often matters how much given atoms combine‚ in what arrangement‚ with what others‚ what impulse they receive‚ and what impart. The same ones make up earth‚ sky‚ sea‚ and streams; the same as the sun‚ the animals‚ grains and trees‚ but mingling and moving in every different ways. - Lucretius (95-52 B.C.) in The Nature of Things I. Physical Chemistry Why is Physical Chemistry important in the study of Environmental Engineering? • Applied physical chemistry procedures
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IntroductionA dehydration reaction of an alcohol results in an alkene. This type of reaction requires an alcohol‚ an acid catalyst and heat. Generally strong concentrated acids‚ like sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid‚ are used as the acid catalyst.The acid catalyst protonates the alcohol‚ to make a much better leaving group. Weakest bases make the best leaving groups‚ so once the alcohol is protonated the leaving group leaves and produces in a carbocation and water. In order to form the double bond
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methanol H C O H H H primary R C O H H H secondary R C O R H H tertiary R C O R R H 77 1° carbon 2° carbon 3° carbon 39 17.1: Nomenclature: 1. In general‚ alcohols are named in the same manner as alkanes; replace the -ane suffix for alkanes with an -ol for alcohols CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 3 CH 3CH 2CH 2CH 2OH OH butane 1-butanol 2-butanol 2. Number the carbon chain so that the hydroxyl group gets the lowest number 3. Number the substituents and write the name listing
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all of the asymmetric carbon atoms in the molecule shown below (prostacyclin). (b) Based on the number of asymmetric carbons‚ how many stereoisomers of prostacyclin are possible? 5. Hydrogenation of an alkene will yield an alkane. The alkane formed by hydrogenation of (S)-4-methyl-1-hexene (I) is optically active‚ while the one formed by hydrogenation of (S)-3-methyl-1-pentene (II) is not. Explain. I II 6. Draw and label a stereoisomer of this compound
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4th form Chemistry questionnaire 1. All of the following structures show the same molecule‚ except one. Which structure is different? H H H H A) H -- C -- C -- C --- C -- H B) CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 H H H H H H -- C -- H CH3 C) H H D)
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to test for the presence of alcohol. The color changed to brown‚ indicating the presence of the desired product. A drop of the product was also tested with IR spectroscopy. There were peaks at both 1600cm-1 and 3300cm-1 which are indicative of an alkene. 1600cm-1 correlates with the C=C stretch‚ while the 3300cm-1 signal correlates
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