ChemActivity 10: Exercises 1. Draw a complete mechanism including the intermediate and most likely product for the reaction of each alkene below with H-X. H + H Cl + Cl Cl + + Br H Br H I Br + H I H + I H 2. Draw a complete mechanism of each pair of reactant including any favorable rearrangements and all important resonance structures of all intermediates. Reactant Pair 1 Cl H Br 1 + Cl No shift stable benzylic carbocation H: shift H H Br
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Xxx.comTheories of light In the seventeenth century two rival theories of the nature of light were proposed‚ the wave theory and the corpuscular theory. The Dutch astronomer Huygens (1629-1695) proposed a wave theory of light. He believed that light was a longitudinal wave‚ and that this wave was propagated through a material called the ’aether’. Since light can pass through a vacuum and travels very fast Huygens had to propose some rather strange properties for the aether: for example; it must
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A Discussion of Banking-Concept Limitations What do students obtain through education? Freire in his essay ‘The Banking Concept of Education’ argues that students gain useless and meaningless knowledge through education‚ and I agree with Freire because education has become an act of depositing meaningless information into students. Freire believes the current educational system is flawed due to the “Banking Concept”‚ which Freire describes as‚ “an act of depositing‚ in which the students are the
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soluble if heated. Also tested was the reactivity of cyclohexane and cyclohexene in sulfuric acid which tested to prove reactivity between cyclohexene but not cyclohexane. Finally tested was the reaction between bromine and alkenes‚ which showed reaction between the more polar alkenes than non polar. Introduction
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13C NMR with 4 peaks‚ so the compound would need to have a five-carbon chain. With the assumption that the structure was five-carbon chain‚ it could be deduced that the structure was either a primary or secondary alcohol because straight chained alkanes cannot make tertiary
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Hydrolysis of an alkyl nitrile on boiling with mineral acid or alkalis yield corresponding carboxylic acid . R–CN +H2O RCOOH +NH3 CH3–CN + 2H2O+HCL CH3COOH + NH4CL 4. BY OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE OF ALKENES: Alkenes when heated with alkaline KMNO4 are cleaved at double bond to form carboxylic acids. R–CH=CH–R +4[O] 2RCOOH H3C–CH=CH–CH3 + [O] 2CH3COOH REACTIONS OF
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chloride was synthesized through the use of separation (aqueous and organic layers) and distillation. Tert-butyl chloride is the alkyl halide which is being synthesized throughout the course of the experiment. Alkyl halides are derived from alkanes. Once an alkane has its original hydrogen atom replaced with a halogen‚ it is now considered an alkyl halide (UC 2016). This experiment utilizes chlorine as the halogen that takes the place of the hydrogen atom. Alkyl halides are versatile‚ and with little
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Experiment2: Preparation of Dibenzalacetone Aim: Using the cabon-cabon bond making ability in carbonyl chemistry‚ Dibenzalacetone is synthesized from 2 equivalent of benzaldehyde and 1 equivalent of acetone in a base catalyzed reaction. Physical Data1: *detailed risk and safety phrases are attached. substance Hazards‚ risks and safety practices MW (g/mol) Amt. Used Mol. mp (K) bp (K) density(g/cm^3) acetone R11‚ R36‚ R67‚ S9‚ S25‚ S26 58.08 0.24 g 0.004 178.2 329.4 0.79 benzaldehyde R22
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85°C which is very close to the theoretical melting point of Fluorenone which is about 83 °C. Since the melting point was off by about 1.5°C it is assumed that some sources of error was obtained in the experiment. Since there was very little of the alkene in the sample‚ and none of it eluded out‚ it may have been stuck in the stationary phase. Hence when the ketone passed through the stationary phase it may have gotten contaminated leading to the error. Also all of the MTBE may not have evaporated
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3-perylenepentanol‚ M4 39‚ 51 To a solution of 3-perylenepent-4-ynol‚ M3 (0.32 g‚ 0.957 mmol) in THF (20 mL)‚ Pd/C (600 mg‚ 3 wt% on activated carbon) was added. Nitrogen gas was turned off‚ hydrogen gas balloons were used to supply H2 gas to the flask. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 h under hydrogen atmosphere at room temperature. Ethyl acetate was added to the reaction mixture and the Pd/C was removed by filtration. Solvent was removed in vacuo to afford 3-perylenepentanol as yellow solid
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