Megan Entwistle‚ Maria Amos‚ and Paul Golubic CHEM 0330 Organic Lab 1 Sodium Borohydride Reduction: Diphenylmethanol from Benzophenone 11/16/11 Introduction Redox (shorthand for REDuction-OXidation) reactions are chemical reactions in which the oxidation state (or oxidation number) of atoms has changed. Oxidation can be observed through the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by an atom‚ ion or molecule. Reduction describes the gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state
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Chemical Formulas Review: Nomenclature and Formula Writing Naming Simple Compounds There are four naming systems you should familiarize yourself with to succeed on the SAT II Chemistry exam. The trick is recognizing which naming system to use. Here are the guidelines: * If the compound starts with H‚ it is an acid. Use the naming acids rules. * If the compound starts with C and contains quite a few H’s and perhaps some O’s‚ it is organic. Use the naming organic compounds rules. *
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Steam distillation of cloves produced 0.53g of an oil which contained in its IR spectrum the functional groups O-H (at 3520 cm-1)‚ sp2 C-H (3080 – 3000 cm-1)‚ aliphatic C-H (2980 – 2940 cm-1)‚ and both alkene C=C (at 1640 cm-1) and aromatic C=C (at 1514 cm-1). The IR spectrum is attached to this report. These data are consistent with the structure of eugenol‚ shown in Figure 2 below: In addition‚ the IR of the product from the steam distillation of cloves closely corresponds with that of an
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D1: Pharmaceutical drugs D.1.1 List the effects of medicines and drugs on the functioning of the body. Drug or medicine is a substance that does one or more of the following: Alters physiological state – consciousness‚ activity level‚ coordination Alters incoming sensory experience Alters mood or emotion The active ingredients in drugs and medicines can be isolated from a plants and animals or synthesized artificially. Drugs supposed to assist human body’s
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reactions graphically: Enthalpy change is represented by the symbol ∆H. (∆ is ‘the change in’ the ‘H’ is for enthalpy) The unit for enthalpy change is measured in Kilojoules per mole. For example if an alkane has a combustion enthalpy change of +296Kjmol-1 then the alkane takes in 296kJ of energy‚ from its surroundings‚ for every mole that is burnt. Enthalpy changes can easily be measured using equipment in a school laboratory. We can set up an experiment so that energy is transferred
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The purpose of this experiment was to successfully produce stilbene dibromide by using a more sustainable approach‚ which would prevent less environmental issues. This was done by brominating trans-stilbene and then using the elimination process on the dibrominated product. This process is considered “greener” compared to the original bromination procedures. In order to create the alkyl halides‚ which are able to undergo chemical transformations more readily than the carbon-carbon double bond‚ onto
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of molecules. Caffeine had already existed in the leaf itself but needed to be separated from the other chemicals. Caffeine’s chemical structure is relatively similar to the nucleic acid purine in that they use nitrogen and is bicyclic but lacks an alkene‚ amine and an amide. Caffeine has a solubility of 67.0 g/100 mL in boiling water but tannins also boil in hot water to form catechin. Catechin cannot react with water but it can with calcium carbonate. The calcium carbonate was added into the reflux
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to a compound with a double or triple bond. The metal catalysts have different properties and there are different functional groups that each can reduce. Catalytic hydrogenation is the preferred method for reducing alkenes and alkynes. When you perform catalytic hydrogenation on alkenes the reaction is called an addition reaction. Addition reactions are when a reagent is added to the two carbons making up a pi-bond. In catalytic hydrogenation‚ the reagent is dihydrogen and it adds to the two carbons
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LAB REPORT! EXPERIMENT#5‚6! MANPREET KAUR KHAIRA! LAB PARTNER: VIAN RAIES! The purpose of this lab exercise was to perform the bromination of (E)-1‚2-diphenylethene (trans-stilbene) by addition reaction in which bromine was added across the double bond to yield a vicinal dibromide. The next step was to perform a double elimination reaction by product gained to synthesize an alkyne‚ that is‚ 1‚2-diphenylacetylene. The two major techniques used in this lab were TLC analysis and UV-vis spectroscopy
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3.1.1 Identify that matter is made of particles that are continuously moving and interacting The particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles and they are constantly moving/continual state of motion. 1.1.2 Identify the difference between elements‚ compounds and mixtures in terms of particle theory Elements are simplest form substance meaning cannot be decomposed further physically or chemically. They are made up of same type of atoms only e.g. helium‚ oxygen. Compounds
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