Experiment 1: Mechanism of Nitrile Oxide and Alkene Cycloaddition 1. Purpose: to clarify the mechanism for the cycloaddition reaction between benzonitrile oxide and an alkene‚ and to test the regiochemistry of the reaction between benzonitrile oxide and styrene. 2. Plan: Each student in a group of three will work to create a reaction with the Benzonitrile Oxide with‚ cis-stilbene‚ trans-stilbene‚ or styrene in an Erlenmyer flask. With this Reaction solution thin layer chromatography will be
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variety of methods to examine the physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons. The first experiment we tested a variety of solvents to see if they dissolved our alkane (Decalin). One would expect that non-polar solvents will dissolve alkanes because they are non polar as well 1. If the solvent did not dissolve in the alkane we heated the solution with a heat gun‚ because higher temperature increases solubility because energy in the form of heat can break bonds and allow for the molecules to
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hybridization they have. The three main groups of Hydrocarbons are Alkanes‚ Alkenes‚ and Alkynes (1). Alkanes are sp3-hybridized hydrocarbons characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms included in their chains. Alkanes are also called saturated hydrocarbons because they contain the highest possible H atoms that they can since their single bonds give the Carbon atoms the opportunity to bond with three or two hydrogen atoms. Alkenes on the other hand are sp2-hybridized substances that are distinguished
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covalent bonds. Alkanes Alkanes are hydrocarbons‚ which are molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen. They are made up of carbon atoms linked together by only single covalent bonds and are known as saturated hydrocarbons. Many alkanes are obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation. The smallest alkanes are used extensively as fuels. Apart from burning‚ however‚ they are remarkably unreactive. Alkane Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Alkene Ethene Propene
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Alexandra Smith May 27‚ 2012 Cracking Aim: The aim of this experiment is break a larger alkane into smaller alkanes and alkenes. Theory: Fuels made from oil mixtures containing large hydrocarbon molecules are not efficient. They do not flow easily and are difficult to ignite. Crude oil often contains too many large hydrocarbon molecules and not enough small hydrocarbon molecules to meet demand. Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller‚ more
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consist of alkanes (paraffins)‚ alkenes (double bonds) and alkynes (triple bonds). Aromatic hydrocarbons contain the benzene ring. 153 C C C alkane alkene C C C alkyne benzene Hydrocarbons can be further divided into saturated hydrocarbons that have only single carbon-carbon bonds (alkanes)‚ and unsaturated hydrocarbons that have multiple carbon-carbon bonds (alkenes‚ alkynes‚ aromatics). Most of the aliphatic compounds are named based on the first ten alkanes (Table
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structures of isomers of alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons; learn about various methods of preparation of hydrocarbons; distinguish between alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons on the basis of physical and chemical properties; draw and differentiate between various conformations of ethane; appreciate the role of hydrocarbons as sources of energy and for other industrial applications; predict the formation of the addition products of unsymmetrical alkenes and alkynes on the
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electrons Alkanes all have different boiling points dependent on the length of the carbon chain in the molecule. The smaller chains ie. the most volatile hydrocarbons will leave at the top of the column as gases because they have the lowest boiling points. Within each fraction there is also a mixture of hydrocarbons‚ the chain length isn’t the same. This is due to branched chains having different boiling points to straight chains Suggest how cracking can be used to obtain more useful alkanes and alkenes
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Energy 1. Living organisms make compounds which are important sources of energy * outline the role of photosynthesis in transforming light energy to chemical energy and recall the raw materials for this processco2+h2oglucose+o2+h2othis is then stored as carbs and starch | * outline the role of the production of high energy carbohydrates from carbon dioxide as the important step in the stabilisation of the sun’s energy in a form that can be used by animals as well as plants harnesses
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a variety of methods to examine the physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbons. The first experiment we tested a variety of solvents to see if they dissolved our alkane (Decalin). One would expect that non-polar solvents will dissolve alkanes because they are non polar as well 1. If the solvent did not dissolve in the alkane we heated the solution with a heat gun‚ because higher temperature increases solubility because energy in the form of heat can break bonds and allow for the molecules to
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