of isomers of alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons; learn about various methods of preparation of hydrocarbons; distinguish between alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons on the basis of physical and chemical properties; draw and differentiate between various conformations of ethane; appreciate the role of hydrocarbons as sources of energy and for other industrial applications; predict the formation of the addition products of unsymmetrical alkenes and alkynes on the basis
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and vaporisation of alkane at 500°C; Cracking of Alkanes | Al2 O3 is used as a catalyst. Heat provides energy for breakage of C-C bonds. | UV light; Initiation step of FRS of alkanes by halogens * Not required for electrophilic addition reaction btw Halogens and alkenes | Br-Br 2Br Provides the energy for homolytic fission of Br-Br bond. Visible and infra-red radiations are unable to break covalent bonds while UV light can‚ because one quantum of UV light has sufficient energy (396 kJmol-1) to
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* Introduction to Organic Chemistry Understand the basis of drawing organic structures Depicting 3-D structures in 2-D Most organic compounds have a three-dimensional structure. How do we represent structures on our two-dimensional page? For example‚ methane is a tetrahedral molecule: Bonds in the plane of the paper: Bonds coming towards the observer: (out of the page) Bonds going away
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Purpose: a) To identify saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons using properties and reactions. b) Study substitution and addition reactions. Equipments test tube rack (1) test tube holder (2) 100 mL beaker medium test tube (6) Materials cyclohexene toluene n-hexane conc. H2SO4 Br2/CCl4 or Br2/CH2Cl2 0
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mixture known as natural gas. The main constituents of the natural gas are methane‚ ethane‚ propane and butane. CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS: HYDROCARBON Acyclic or Aliphatic Carbocyclic or Cyclic ( Open chain) Alicyclic Aromatic Alkanes Alkenes Alkyne Cycloalkanes Cycloalkenes Cycloalkynes Alkanes:- Paraffins General formula CnH2n+2 sp3 hybridisation C–C bond length 1.15 4 A0 Chemically unreactive Show chain‚ position and optical isomerism. Heptane has 9 isomer‚ Octane
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we do not get to see or realize that where n how we having our life much easier than it used to be. In these writing assignments‚ the topic is about the organic chemistry. In organic chemistry‚ we all have different kinds of compounds. In addition‚ alkanes‚ alkenes‚ and alkynes are the parts of the organic and inorganic compounds. We also can learn about the structural formula they all have in different form. Polymerization is another type of chemical reaction that we get to know. There is also a difference
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ELIMINATION‚ ADDITION OR REARRANGEMENT REACTION. THIS EXPERIMENT WILL DETERMINE THE FACTORS OF ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION ON DIFFERENT AROMATIC RINGS THUS IT WILL HAVE DIFFERENT REACTION RATES BECAUSE OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURE OF THE COMPOUNDS. DIFFERENT REACTION WILL YIELDS TO A CONCLUSION OF WHAT IS/ARE THE FACTOR/S OF ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION ON AN ORGANIC COMPOUND – AROMATIC COMPOUNDS. There are three experiments in this chapter of the laboratory. First is the substitution by bromination. Second
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dienophile is an electron-deficient alkene. The Diels-Alder is also called a [4+2] cycloaddition because a ring is formed by the interaction of four pi electrons of the alkene with two pi electrons of the alkene or alkyne. The product of the Diels-Alder reaction is usually a structure that contains a cyclohexene ring system. The mechanism of the reaction involves a cyclic flow of electrons in a single step in which the diene‚ supplies 4 π electrons and the alkene or alkyne‚ also called the dienophile
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The α-halogenation of cyclohexanone: A) is slowed by the presence of acid. B) is catalyzed by base. C) requires one equivalent of base. D) is catalyzed by the sodium halide salt. E) requires one equivalent of acid. 9) 10) In the Michael reaction‚ addition to the α‚β-unsaturated carbonyl occurs in a: A) 1‚2-fashion. B) 1‚3-fashion. C) 1‚4-fashion. D) 1‚5-fashion. E) Diels-Alder reaction. 10)
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trans-pent-2-ene are alkenes. (a) For each one give: (i) Its molecular formula (ii) Its structural formula (iii) Its displayed formula (iv) Its skeletal formula. (b) Give the general formula that is used to represent alkenes. (c) Two of these alkenes are isomers of each other. Identify which two. (d) Why is it not possible to change one of these two isomers into the other at room temperature ? (e) Give the displayed formulae and the names of the four alkenes with
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