between organic and inorganic compounds and recognize important organic functional groups. 2. The student will be able to draw Kekulé‚ condensed‚ and skeletal structures for organic compounds; name by IUPAC or common system the classes of alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes‚ alcohols‚ alkyl halides
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was then recrystallized from methanol‚ yielding 0.128g of pale yellow crystals with a melting point of 131-135 oC. This represents 0.33% of the original mass of the two yolks. The cholesterol was then dissolved in ether and further purified by bromination with a bromine/acetic acid reagent and debromination with zinc powder‚ a series of aqueous washes‚ and a final recrystallization from methanol. Here‚ a yield of 28% was recovered from an initial mass of 100 mg of recrystallized material. The melting
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Analysis of Hydrocarbons Jessa Grace B. Castillo* and Stephanie Chua Department of Chemistry‚ University of Santo Tomas‚ Manila‚ Philippines ______________________________________________ Hydrocarbons are organic compounds containing only hydrogen and carbons and further divided in major types. Hydrocarbons react differently in reagents. The basis of determining an unknown hydrocarbon is due to the differences in reactions of hydrocarbons. An unknown compound is determined using tests.
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Appendix APPENDIX 1 Chemical tests for functional groups Homologous series/ Typical compound Functional group(s) Alkanes CH3CH3 ethane C – C and C–H Alkenes CH2 = CH2 ethene C=C Chemical tests/Observations Add liquid bromine in ultraviolet light (or sunlight): White fumes of HBr liberated; decolourisation of bromine occurs slowly (a) Add Br2 in CCl4 at room temperature: Decolourisation of bromine occurs immediately CH2 = CH2 + Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br (b) Add acidified
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Objectives After studying this Unit‚ you will be able to • name haloalkanes and haloarenes according to the IUPAC system of nomenclature from their given structures; • describe the reactions involved in the preparation of haloalkanes and haloarenes and understand various reactions that they undergo; • correlate the structures of haloalkanes and haloarenes with various types of reactions; • use stereochemistry as a tool for understanding the reaction mechanism; • appreciate the applications of organo-metallic
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Abstract:The Wittig Reaction is a nucleophilic addition in which an alkene is formed as a product. Both the E and Z isomers of the alkene result. Substituents on the aromatic aldehyde affect the E/Z ratio of products that form. In this experiment‚ a nitro group was used as the substituent in the ortho‚ meta and para positions‚ with benzaldehyde as the control. Each of the four aldehydes reacted with (carbethoxymethylene) triphenylphosphorane to produce ethyl cinnamate‚ ethyl-3-(2-nitrophenyl)acrylate
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8) - Elimination Reaction Mechanism (Unit 9) - Nucleophilic addition Reaction Mechanism (Unit 10) - Nucleophilic addition Reaction Mechanism (Unit 11) - Nucleophilic addition Reaction Mechanism (Unit 12) - Nucleophilic addition Reaction Mechanism (Unit 13) - Nucleophilic addition Reaction Mechanism (Unit 14) - Nucleophilic addition Reaction Mechanism (Unit 15) - Electrophilic addition Reaction Mechanism (Unit 16) - Electrophilic addition Reaction Mechanism (Unit 17) - Electrophilic substitution Reaction
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permanganate was added. Permanganate’s color changed from purple to brown‚ and bromium’s color changed brown to colorless‚ it became color solution which was light yellow. INTRODUCTION One of the most useful and general methods of preparing alkenes or olefins is based on the dehydration of alcohols with acids. Strong acids such as sulphuric and phosphoric acids are required to form the oxonium ion from which the hydronium ion is eliminated. “This cyclohexene from cyclohexanol reaction belongs
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ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION PURPOSE The purpose of this lab is to learn how to synthesize 2-methyl-2-butene into 2-bromo-2-methylbutane using addition of hydrogen bromide. THEORY Chemical Compound Molecular Formula Molecular Weight Boiling Point Melting Point Density Amylene CH3CH=C(CH3)2 70.13 g/mol 36 oC -134 oC 0.662 g/ml Hydrobromic Acid HBr 80.91 g/mol 126 oC -11 oC 1.490 g/ml 2-Bromo-2-MethylButane C5H11Br 151.05 g/mol 107 oC 1.18 g/ml Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 84.007 g/mol Decomposes
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Sophomore Organic Chemistry laboratory curriculum. In one line of inquiry it has been observed that a mixture of 2-methylcyclohexanol diastereomers gives rise to a mixture of three isomeric alkenes Todd(1994)JCE:71‚p440; Feigenbaum(1987) JCE:64‚ p273; Cawley (1997) JCE:74l‚ p102. Explaining the presence of the three alkene products requires an intense synthesis of information communicated in a typical SOC textbook. The continued popularity of this experiment is corroborated by the observation that Googling
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