Classification Tests for Hydrocarbons Authors: Goldie Ann Tejada‚ Allain Joseph S. Templo‚ Kristinlyn Trajano‚ Kevin Viray‚ Quennie Yu Group 10‚ 2F-PH‚ Faculty of Pharmacy‚ University of Santo Tomas ABSTRACT The test compounds undergo different physical and chemical tests to differentiate their intrinsic physical properties and chemical properties. Physical state‚ color‚ and odor were noted through simple observation. Miscibility of the test compounds were noted through color change or a warming
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breaking. Nucleophiles‚ electrophiles and free radicals. Lewis acid and Lewis base. Orbital hybridization: sp3‚ sp2‚ sp. Conjugated double bonds and resonance 2. Classification of organic compounds Nomenclature: homologues series‚ alkanes‚ cycloalkanes‚ alkene‚ alkynes‚ alkyl halides‚ alcohols‚ amines‚ aldehydes‚ ketones and carboxylic 4 acids and their derivatives. 3. Stereochemistry Conformations of alkanes and cycloalkanes. Isomerism and optical activity. Structural isomers and stereoisomers. Geometrical
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Alexandra Smith May 27‚ 2012 Cracking Aim: The aim of this experiment is break a larger alkane into smaller alkanes and alkenes. Theory: Fuels made from oil mixtures containing large hydrocarbon molecules are not efficient. They do not flow easily and are difficult to ignite. Crude oil often contains too many large hydrocarbon molecules and not enough small hydrocarbon molecules to meet demand. Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller‚ more
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ONE-SCHOOL.NET Short Notes: Form 5 Chemistry Rate or Reaction Calculation Rate of Reaction (Average Rate) Rates of reaction = Quantity change of reactants/products Total time for the reaction If the quantity change is immeasurable Rates of reaction = 1 Total time for the reaction Find the Rate From a Graph Average Rate Rates At an Instant The rate of reaction is equal to the slope of the graph The rate of reaction at an instant‚ t‚ is equal to the of quantity against
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Discussion The dehydration of an alcohol to an alkene follows a two step elimination reaction. The first step is determines the rate of the reaction and is dependent on the formation of the carbocation. In this experiment‚ the carbocation intermediate forms as the alcoholic hydroxyl group is protonated with acid‚ and dihydrogen oxide leaves. After this unimolecular dissociation step‚ a proton from one of the adjacent carbons is captured to reform the acid catalyst‚ and the elimination reaction is
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hydrocarbons. Many alkanes are obtained from crude oil by fractional distillation. The smallest alkanes are used extensively as fuels. Apart from burning‚ however‚ they are remarkably unreactive. Alkane Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Alkene Ethene Propene Butene Pentene Alkane Methane Ethane Propane Molecular formula CH4 C2H6 C3H8 C4H10 C5H12 Molecular formula C2H4 C3H6 C4H8 C5H10 Molecular formula CH3OH C2H5OH C3H7OH Display formula Display formula
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reaction. They will learn the importance of regiochemistry in chemical reactions. They might experience disubstitution through a high temperature. Reactions: Observation: The crystals started to form when added 2 g of crushed ice. The addition of hot methanol dissociated the crystals. The crystals reappeared when cooled down in the ice bath. The IR test was performed. Data‚ Analysis and Discussion: 3 ml conical vial 19.9115 g Crushed ice 2 g Methyl benzoate .210 ml Cold
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reaction occurs when a leaving group‚ which consists of a weak base‚ leaves an organic compound‚ leaving an intermediate carbocation. In the second step‚ a carbon on the organic compound is deprotonated by a Lewis base‚ resulting in the formation of an alkene. The dehydration reactions of 1- and 2-Butanol with sulfuric acid occur through an E1 mechanism‚ so they follow the steps previously
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Name Naza Moore ID# 24120389 Lab# 2 Lab instructors Alecia Palmer and Donald Burke Course Instructor Maureen Wilson Lab Title Preparation of cyclohexene from cyclohexanol Aim Preparation of an Alkene by dehydration of an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. Calculate the percentage recovery of products. Test for purity and identification of products. Abstract Cyclohexene and cyclohexanol are both colourless aromatic compounds. The major difference between the two is the presence
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Notes IGCSE Chemistry Triple Award Revision Guide Topic Introduction to chemistry Atomic Structure Structure and Bonding – Ionic Bonding Structure and Bonding – Covalent and Metallic Bonding Organic Chemistry - Alkanes Organic Chemistry – Alkenes / Addition Polymerisation Organic Chemistry – Alcohols / Condensation Polymerisation Calculations Periodic Table Reactivity Series and Metal Extraction Electrolysis Energetics Acids‚ Bases‚ Salts and Neutralisation Preparing and Analysing Salts Rates Equilibria
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