Chemistry Unit 1 – Revision Questions Chemistry 1A 1) Define an element. How many are there in the Periodic Table? 2) Write a table with the charges and masses of protons‚ neutrons and electrons. 3) Define atomic number and mass number. 4) Draw electron (energy level) diagrams for Be‚ S‚ Al‚ Cl and K. Also‚ write down the number of protons and neutrons for each. Finally‚ write the symbols (with mass no. and atomic no.) 5) Why have all Group 7 elements (halogens) got similar chemical properties
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Formation of an Alkene by Alcohol Dehydration Lab Report Balanced Chemical Equation for the Main Reaction Mechanism The acid-catalyzed dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols involves non-isolable carbocation intermediaries. In the first step of the of the reaction mechanism below‚ a phosphoric acid catalyst adds a proton to the oxygen atom of the alcohol to form an oxonium ion. The OH is converted to a better leaving group as the positive charge on the oxygen weakens the carbon-oxygen
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hydrocarbon and cyclohexene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon due to the presence of double bond.Both hydrocarbons produce carbon dioxide and water during combustion test. When the oxygen is limited‚ the product will be carbon monoxide and water. The alkenes are highly flammable and burn readily in air‚ forming carbon dioxide and water. In this experiment‚ the combustion of cyclohexene burns in an orange flame and produces relatively high amount of black soot. The black soot produced is actually carbon
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or SN2). OH O H H Br H + :Br : SN2 :Br : O H H Br + H2O OH O H Br O + H2O + :Br : SN1 :Br : Br 7. Give the structure of the principal organic product formed by photochemical bromination of methylcyclopropane‚ draw the mechanism of the reaction. Br2‚ h h Br Br H . .Br Br Br Br 2Br . . + HBr Br + .Br
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2.1 Drawing Organic Structures 73 2.2 Alkanes 77 2.3 Structural Isomerism 77 2.4 IUPAC Nomenclature 79 2.5 Naming Alkanes 80 2.6 Naming Cycloalkanes 87 2.7 Naming Complex Alkyl Groups 2.8 Functional Groups 97 2.9 Naming Alkenes and Alkynes 2.10 Naming Alkenes‚ Part II 108 2.11 Arenes 109 2.12 Organohalogens 113 2.13 Using Molecular Formulas 115 Key Ideas from Chapter 2 117 91 100 Organic Chemistry - Ch 2 70 Daley & Daley Copyright 1996-2005 by Richard F. Daley &
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Use this packet and your book to answer the questions throughout this packet. Organic Nomenclature - Alkanes‚ Alkenes‚ Alkynes Naming organic compounds can be a challenge to any chemist at any level. Historically‚ chemists developed names for new compounds without any systematic guidelines. In this century‚ the need for standardization was recognized. For simple molecules‚ the nomenclature system worked out by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (IUPAC) works well. For complex
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Dehydration of Cyclohexanol Introduction In this experiment cyclohexene‚ an alkene‚ was prepared by the dehydration of cyclohexanol‚ an alcohol‚ using phosphoric acid‚ an acid catalyst. The reaction is as follows: [pic] The dehydration of cyclohexanol was performed in a simple distillation apparatus. As cyclohexene formed‚ it was distilled out of the mixture. Background Dehydration is an elimination reaction of an alcohol that takes place in the presence of an acid catalyst
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N10/4/CHEMI/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX 88106105 CHEMISTRY STANDARD LEVEL PAPER 2 Thursday 11 November 2010 (afternoon) Candidate session number 0 1 hour 15 minutes 0 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES • • • • Write your session number in the boxes above. Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so. Section A: answer all of Section A in the spaces provided. Section B: answer one question from Section B. Write your answers on answer sheets. Write your session number
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1. (a) The diagram below represents the industrial fractional distillation of crude oil. (i) Identify fraction A. (ii) What property of the fractions allows them to be separated in the column? (2) (b) A gas oil fraction from the distillation of crude oil contains hydrocarbons in the C15 to C19 range. These hydrocarbons can be cracked by strong heating. (i) Write the molecular formula for the alkane with 19 carbon atoms. (ii) Name the type of reaction involved in cracking. (iii) Write
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NPTEL – Chemistry – Reagents and Organic reactions Module II Lecture 14 Reduction Reactions 2.1.1 Lithium Aluminum Hydride (LAH) 2.1.1.1 Introduction Lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) is a strong reducing agent with chemical formula LiAlH4. It can reduce a variety of functional groups such as aldehydes‚ esters‚ acids‚ ketones‚ nitriles‚ epoxides and azides. It vigorously reacts with water and all the reactions are performed in polar aprotic solvents. 2.1.1.2 Preparation It was first
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