Environmental Chemistry It often matters how much given atoms combine‚ in what arrangement‚ with what others‚ what impulse they receive‚ and what impart. The same ones make up earth‚ sky‚ sea‚ and streams; the same as the sun‚ the animals‚ grains and trees‚ but mingling and moving in every different ways. - Lucretius (95-52 B.C.) in The Nature of Things I. Physical Chemistry Why is Physical Chemistry important in the study of Environmental Engineering? • Applied physical chemistry procedures
Premium Carbon Oxygen Hydrocarbon
foam (furniture padding) http://clinmedres.org/content/1/4/281.short. Similar in structure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)‚ PBDEs resist degradation in the environment. PBDEs were typically produced commercially at three different levels of bromination; nominally penta-‚ octa- and deca-BDE. The deca-PBDE formulation made up 83.3% of the 2001 PBDE global market demand‚ followed by penta- 11.1%‚ and octa- 5.6 %( LaA Guardia et al 2006). While PBDE’s are shown to be harmful in that they are bioaccumulative
Premium
one side and amide group on the other but also includes non-polar functional groups that consisted of the benzene ring and methyl group. Acetylsalicylic acid low polarity results from only containing a carboxylic acid and ester and the presence of alkenes in the benzene ring. Ibuprofen was the least polar out of all analgesic drugs because it only contains one carboxylic acid and non-polar functional groups. The behavior of these compounds in function of their structure and polarity were inversely
Premium Aspirin Paracetamol Ibuprofen
SKPP 1313 Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering Quiz 1 (20 marks) Name: _____________________________________________________ Answer all questions 1) Petroleum engineer can be divided into several groups. Name one of them and briefly explain his main duty. [3 marks] __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
Premium Igneous rock Sedimentary rock Rock
Hornes-Emmons-Wittig reagent to generate an enolate anion of trimethyl phosphonoacetate instead of a phosphorus ylide. The methyl trans-4-methoxy cinnamate produced is then analyzed using melting point and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Theory The Wittig reaction prepares alkenes from carbonyl compounds by attacking a phosphorus ylide with a nucleophilic carbon atom stabilized by a triphenylphosphonium group. An ylide is a compound that contains two oppositely charged atoms bonded together with complete octets and is generated
Premium Carbon Acid Carbonyl
Experiment 5- Competing Nucleophiles Table of results: Area (mm²) Percent composition 1-bromobutane 511 85.02% 1-chlorobutane 90 14.98% 2-bromobutane 432.25 78.63% 2-chlorobutane 117.5 21.37% 2-bromo-2-methylpropane 280 37.58% 2-chloro-2-methylpropane 465 62.42% Discussion: 1. In 1-butanol Base on the data table‚ 1-bromobutane dominated the composition of 85.02%‚ which indicates the conclusion that the mechanism for 1-butanol is SN2‚ and bromide is a better nucleophile
Premium Alcohol Nucleophile
Surname Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) Initial(s) Paper Reference Signature 7 0 8 1 7081/01 0 1 Examiner’s use only London Examinations GCE Chemistry Ordinary Level Paper 1 Wednesday 12 January 2011 – Afternoon Time: 1 hour 15 minutes Materials required for examination Nil Items included with question papers Nil Team Leader’s use only Question Leave Number Blank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Instructions to Candidates In the boxes above‚ write your centre number
Premium Atom Chlorine Oxygen
Gaseous State Start Practice | Polymers Start Practice | | | "Do if you have Time" Chapters | Aldehyde Ketone Start Practice | Solutions Start Practice | Solid State Start Practice | Mole Concepts Start Practice | Alkanes‚ Alkenes and Alk... Start Practice | Surface Chemistry Start Practice | Nuclear Chemistry Start Practice | Purification Characteriz... Start Practice | Environmental Chemistry Start Practice | Electrochemistry Start Practice | | |
Premium Chemistry Physics Optics
Experiment II. Separation Of a Sample Mixture By Liquid-Liquid Extraction Reading assignment: Techniques in Organic Chemistry 2nd ed pages 75-99. 3rd ed pages 113-140. Topics and Techniques i) identification of solvent layers of two immiscible solvents ii) partioning of a compound between two immiscible solvents and determination of KD iii) liquid-liquid extraction with aqueous acids and bases with organic solvents. iv) use of drying agents Introduction Liquid-liquid extraction is a method
Premium Solubility Acetic acid Solvent
examples (b) Stereochemical aspects and the Woodward and Hoffmann rules 3) Cycloaddition Reactions (a) Definition and examples (b) Stereochemical aspects and the Woodward and Hoffmann rules (c) The Diels-Alder reaction (i) Stereospecific syn-addition (ii) Diene conformation (iii) Exo/endo stereoselectivity 4) Sigmatropic Rearrangements (a) Definition‚ examples and numbering NOTES 1) General Principles – Book reading is highly recommended for this topic (a) Reaction classes
Premium Organic reaction Chemical reaction