Compounds of carbon that only contain carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. Most hydrocarbons naturally occur in the mixture crude oil. There are three main types of hydrocarbons‚ alkanes – saturated hydrocarbons made up of only single bonds‚ alkenes – unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more double bond/s‚ and alkynes – unsaturated hydrocarbons with one or more triple bond/s (Shapley‚ P. 2012). Methane‚ CH4‚ is a type of alkane that is found in oil‚ gas and coal deposits [Refer to Figure
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Exp 23 B Synthesis of t-Pentyl Chloride 11-8-12 Purpose: The sysnthesis of t-Pentyl Chloride from alcohol. Procedure: Preparation of t-Pentyl Chloride. In a 125-mL separatory funnel‚ place 10.0 mL of t-pentyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-butanol‚ MW _ 88.2‚ d _ 0.805 g/mL) and 25 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (d _ 1.18 g/mL). Do not stopper the funnel. Gently swirl the mixture in the separatory funnel for about 1 minute. After this period of swirling‚ stopper the separatory funnel and
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Equations and Acids • Structure and Bonding • Redox‚ Group 2 and Group 7 Unit 1 Exam – January 2013 – 1 hour – 90 UMS – 30% of total Unit 2 – Spring Term 2013 • Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry • Alkanes and Alkenes • Haloalkanes and Alcohols • Enthalpy Changes • Rates and Equilibrium • Modern Analytical Techniques • Chemistry of the Air • Sustainability Unit 2 Exam – May 2013 – 1 hr 45 mins – 150 UMS – 50% of total
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CLASSIFICATION TESTS A. Acids There are relatively few suitable tests for carboxylic acids. Classification is based mostly upon solubility tests. If the compound is water soluble‚ test the aqueous solution of your compound with pH paper (also check the pH of the original water). If the compound is water-insoluble and it dissolves in 5% (1.5M) sodium hydroxide and 5% NaHCO3 solutions as performed in your solubility tests‚ it can be classified as a carboxylic acid. Establish an equivalence value
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Faculty of Science Undergraduate Modular Scheme Session 2010/2011 Semester 1 Level 3 ------------------------------------------------- MODULE: SM0260: Chemistry for Life Sciences ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- DATE: 17 January 2011 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- TIME: 14.00 – 16.00 Instructions to Candidates This paper contains
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the unknown through parallel chemical test. In this experiment we were expected to characterize hydrocarbons based on their chemical reactions. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of only C and H atoms. They include the alkanes‚ alkenes‚ alkynes‚ and aromatic hydrocarbons. Because of their relatively nonpolarity‚ all hydrocarbons are insoluble in water. Hydrocarbons may be divided into two large classes namely: Saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Saturated hydrocarbons
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= 1 | meth | | n = 5 | pent | | n = 8 | oct | n = 2 | eth | | n = 6 | hex | | n = 9 | non | n = 3 | prop | | n = 7 | hept | | n = 10 | dec | n = 4 | but | | | | | | | Hydrocarbon Suffixes Hydrocarbon Suffix Alkane ane Alkene ene Alkyne yne Common alkyl substituents CH3- methyl CH3CH2- ethyl CH3CH2CH2- propyl CH3CH2CH2CH2- butyl Branched chains Example 1 : Rule 1. Identify the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms
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Carbon is denoted by the symbol C‚ is part of group 14 on the periodic table‚ and is the fourth most abundant element in the universe (by mass). Carbon has an electron configuration of 1s2‚ 2s2‚ 2p2. With 4 valance shell electrons it is expected to form 4 bonds‚ this means carbon is tetravalent. However the s orbitals do not form the same type of bond (with other atoms) as the p orbitals‚ this is because their shapes are different. For example CH4 would have the following bonds: C(s)-H(s)‚ C(s)-H(s)
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Aldehyde and Ketone 1. ALDEHYDE Definition: An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a formyl group. This functional group‚ with the structure R-CHO‚ consists of a carbonyl center (a carbon double bonded to oxygen) bonded to hydrogen and an R group‚ which is any generic alkyl or side chain. The group without R is called the aldehyde group or formyl group. Aldehydes differ from ketones in that the carbonyl is placed at the end of a carbon skeleton rather than between two carbon atoms
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-1Determination of an Unknown Liquid (2-butanol) Through Fundamental Analysis Lee Billips Department of Chemistry‚ Shippensburg University‚ 1871 Old Main Drive. Shippensburg‚ PA‚ 17257. Abstract: The identification and characterization of unknowns are an important part of organic chemistry. It is fundamental to know experimental methods to deductively identify compounds (1) . The determination of unknown #6 (2-butanol) was identified by a series of test; first taking the boiling point (94-96
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