VIHS/ Department of Chemistry Chemistry Revision Unit II (Edexcel) (01) a) When lithium nitrate and sodium nitrate are heated separately‚ both decompose giving oxygen gas as one of the products. (i) Which of these two nitrates would decompose at the lower temperature? .........................................................………………………………………….................... (ii) Give the name of any other product formed when sodium nitrate is heated. .....................................................
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defined term sustainability. There are numerous definitions for the word sustainable. White (2001‚ p.1) states that sustainability seeks to provide the best outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and into the indefinite future. In addition‚ Thompson and Sorvig( 2009) in their recent research paper found probably the simplest‚ widely used definition of sustainability is meeting the needs of today’s population with-out diminishing the ability of future populations to meet their needs
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by-products of a reaction are of little interest to him or her. Since few organic reactions give better than 85 percent yields‚ the amount of by-products and unreacted raw materials that represent processing wastes is of considerable magnitude. In addition‚ many raw materials contain impurities that do not enter the desired reaction and‚ of course‚ add to the organic load in waste streams. A classical example is formaldehyde‚ which normally contains about 5 percent of methanol unless special precautions
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w w ap eP m e tr .X w om .c s er SYLLABUS Cambridge IGCSE® Cambridge International Certificate* Chemistry 0620 For examination in June and November 2014 *This syllabus is accredited for use in England‚ Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate. University of Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their
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1) What is the purpose of ice or cold water? To cool down the gas so that it condenses and turns into a liquid. 2) when the gas collecting tube is upside down‚ give a property of this gas. It is less dense than air. 3) Why is a pencil used in drawing the origin line in chromatography? If pen was used‚ it will dissolve giving colours and so‚ the experiment won’t be accurate. Pencil doesn’t interfere with the results. 4) When using ethanol‚ give a better apparatus arrangement‚ and why? Cover
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GajendraUjjenia Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology Catalysis in Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking
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energy is made or used up – always tracking that II. Cells a. Prokaryotic cells Small & structurally simple Bounded by cell wall & plasma membrane No nucleus or other organelles Circular DNA = chromosome in region called nucleoid May contain addition small circular DNA = plasmids b. Prokaryotic cell structures & function 1. Cell wall: primary source of support; maintains shape 2. Plasma membrane: phospholipid bilayer‚ selective permeable barrier; receptor proteins detecting nutrients & toxins;
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Chromatography • • • Separation based on polarity of compounds Two potential phases for a compound to exist in: mobile and stationary Partitioning of compounds between mobile phase and stationary phase occurs: o Compounds that are less polar move more in the mobile phase‚ those that are more polar “stick” more on the stationary phase o These polarity differences cause compounds move at different rates and therefore can be separated 1. Mobile Phase: the phase the moves; can be gas or
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C H C H H H C H C H C H H H E H H H H H H C=C H H H H H H C C=C D C H F H—C——C——C—H H H H H—C—H H H (a) Use the letters of the hydrocarbons to answer these questions. (i) Give the letter of a hydrocarbon which is not an alkene. ..................................... (1) (ii) Which two hydrocarbons are isomers? .................................................................. (1) (iii) Which structure is propene?
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CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination CAPE ® CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS Unit 1 - effective for examinations from May/June 2007 Unit 2 - effective for examinations from May/June 2008 CXC A11/U2/06 Published by the Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced‚ stored in a retrieval system‚ or transmitted in any form‚ or by any means electronic‚ photocopying‚ recording or otherwise without prior permission
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