resonance‚ structure of alkenes‚ allyl‚ vinyl systems. 4) Acidity‚ basicity and pKa 5) Conformational Analysis - Cyclohexane 6) Stereochemistry – regioselective‚ stereoselective‚ stereospecific 5 Examples of Topics covered for Revision Quiz 1 (not limited to the topics below) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) Acids and Bases Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes Alcohols and Alkyl halides Elimination Reactions of Alkenes SN1 and SN2 Aromaticity and Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Aldehydes and
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IMPORTANT TOPICS OF CHEMISTRY 2009 Chap No.1 Q.1- Define chemistry & branches of chemistry any three? Q.2-Lrean about history of chemistry for short question and fill in the blanks? Q.3 what is scientific method? Define hypothesis and theory? CHAP NO.2 Q.1-Learns about any three laws of chemical combination only statement and example? Q.2-Define chemical reaction and types of chemical reaction with one example for each with the help of chemical equation? Q.3-Define MOLE‚ Atomic no
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Chapter 17: Alcohols and Phenols C O O H H sp3 alcohol pKa~ 16-18 phenol (aromatic alcohol) pKa~ 10 Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a saturated carbon (sp3) Phenols contain an OH group connected to a carbon of a benzene ring O H C C H C C O chemistry dominated by the keto form 76 enol keto H O H R O H R O R R O O R’ water alcohol R S H ether R S R peroxide R S S R’ thiols thioether disulfides
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It was noted that this is highly suggestive of a benzene ring‚ so the IR spectroscopy was analyzed for the presence of a benzene ring functional group. Aromatic benzene rings typically show IR peaks in the 1400-1500 and 3000-3100 cm-1 range. The signals seen on the IR of the unknown at 1454 and 3028 cm-1 range confirm the presence of an aromatic ring. Further analysis of the IR shows the presence of an OH functional group at 3339; OH functional groups typically appear at 3200-3500 cm-1 on IR.
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brain function. 8. AHydrocarbons Ahydrocarbons are commonly and naturally occurring organic compounds that consist entirely of the elements hydrogen and carbon. They consist of many different chemical subgroups such as aromatic hydrocarbons or arenes‚ alkanes‚ alkenes‚ and alkyne-based
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dienophile is an electron-deficient alkene. The Diels-Alder is also called a [4+2] cycloaddition because a ring is formed by the interaction of four pi electrons of the alkene with two pi electrons of the alkene or alkyne. The product of the Diels-Alder reaction is usually a structure that contains a cyclohexene ring system. The mechanism of the reaction involves a cyclic flow of electrons in a single step in which the diene‚ supplies 4 π electrons and the alkene or alkyne‚ also called the dienophile
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Chapter 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Topic: Atomic Orbitals 1. A) B) C) D) E) In quantum mechanics a node (nodal surface or plane) is: a place where Ψ is negative. a place where Ψ is positive. a place where Ψ = 0. a place where Ψ2 is large. a place where Ψ2 is negative. Ans: C Topic: Atomic Orbitals‚ Molecular Orbitals 2. When the 1s orbitals of two hydrogen atoms combine to form a hydrogen molecule‚ how many molecular orbitals are formed? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 Ans:
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greener alternative because using mCPBA is twice as expensive as Oxone and leaves behind the epoxide plus m-chlorobenzoic acid while Oxone creates non-toxic byproducts and recycles acetone in the epoxidation reaction. Introduction The epoxidation of an alkene creates an epoxide that is reactive to nucleophiles. This is important in organic chemistry as well as biological sciences. For example epoxide hydrolase aids in purification during drug metabolism. The mechanisms for Oxone and mCPBA epoxidation can
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an electron pair (nucleus loving) * Electrophile- Accepts an electron pair (Electron loving) * Draw out every Arrow * Carbon must ALWAYS have four bonds * A catalyst must always be regenerated * An aromatic ring must always end aromatic! * Remember to write out all charges! * Mechanism is important to safely assemble an experiment‚ if a product or solvent is going to evaporate remember to attach a condenser * Is a catalyst needed? Is there already
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Alexandra Smith May 27‚ 2012 Cracking Aim: The aim of this experiment is break a larger alkane into smaller alkanes and alkenes. Theory: Fuels made from oil mixtures containing large hydrocarbon molecules are not efficient. They do not flow easily and are difficult to ignite. Crude oil often contains too many large hydrocarbon molecules and not enough small hydrocarbon molecules to meet demand. Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller‚ more
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