of organic compounds‚ when arranged in the ascending order of molecular mass‚ such that they differ by 14 amu or a – CH2 group are called homologous. 16. Alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) : Compounds of carbon and hydrogen‚ in which all the valencies of carbon atoms are satisfied by single covalent bonds are called saturated hydrocarbons or alkanes. 1. Covalent bond or Molecular bond or Homopolar bond : A chemical bond formed between two non-metallic elements by the mutual sharing of one or more
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An oil spill can be defined as an accidental or deliberate dumping of oil or petroleum products into the ocean and its coastal waters‚ bays‚ and harbors‚ or onto land‚ or into rivers or lakes (Holum 1977). Between one and ten million metric tons (one metric ton is 1000 kilograms) of oil are put into the oceans every year. The oil is released‚ most often‚ in small yet consistent doses from tankers‚ industry‚ or on shore waste disposal (Boesh‚ Hersher‚ et al. 1974). Tanker spills cost the United
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GRADE 11 CHEMISTRY (30S) Final Practice Examination Answer Key GRADE 11 CHEMISTRY (30S) Final Practice Examination Answer Key IInstructions The final examination will be weighted as follows Modules 1–3 Modules 4–6 The format of the examination will be as follows: Part A: Fill-in-the-Blanks Part B: Multiple Choice Part C: Short Answer Total Marks Include units with all answers as required. Useful Information You will need the following in order to complete this examination: n n n n 15–20% 80–85%
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Energy 1. Living organisms make compounds which are important sources of energy * outline the role of photosynthesis in transforming light energy to chemical energy and recall the raw materials for this processco2+h2oglucose+o2+h2othis is then stored as carbs and starch | * outline the role of the production of high energy carbohydrates from carbon dioxide as the important step in the stabilisation of the sun’s energy in a form that can be used by animals as well as plants harnesses
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Caroline Guidry Dr. Beverly A. Clement Organic Chemistry 2423‚ Section 304 25 October 2017 Lab 6: Natural Products I The main goal of this experiment was to employ isolation techniques to derive chemicals from two different natural sources and study their properties (Clement 91). The two natural sources used in this experiment were an orange (the peel contains limonene‚ which is a terpene) and a dichloromethane solution of clove oil (which contains eugenol‚ an acetogenin). To isolate the eugenol
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Australian College of Business and Technology CHE001- CHEMISTRY UNIT OUTLINE – Trimester 1‚ 2013 Module Name: | Chemistry | Module Code: | CHE001 | Nominal Duration: | 52 Hours (4 hours/week | Discipline: | Stream Module * Engineering * Science (Health Sciences) * Science (Physical Sciences) | Module Purpose: | This module introduces the study of matter and its interactions thereby providing a link with other branches of natural science. It’s designed to assist students
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AS Chemistry Revision-Chemistry for Life 1. Avagadro constant‚ 6.02 x 10²³ number of particles in 1 mole of a substance 2. Empirical formula-simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound 3. 4. Model of an atom Particle Mass on relative atomic scale Charge Proton 1 1+ Neutron 1 0 Electron Very small (0.00055) 1- 5. Radioactive isotopes Radiation What is it? Relative charge How does the nucleus change? Stopped by? Deflection in electric field? Alpha α Helium nuclei ⁴₂He +2 2 fewer
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Arenes The aromatic hydrocarbons also have the name arenes. They contain in their molecule one or more cycles made up from 6 carbon atoms. When the molecule is formed out of a single cycle‚ the hydrocarbons are mono nucleuses; when the molecule contains more than one cycle‚ the hydrocarbons are poly nucleuses. The simplest aromatic hydrocarbon‚ benzene‚ is compound out of just one such cycle; its formula is C6H6. The representation of benzene through a cycle of 6 carbon atoms with 3 double bounds
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UniKL MICET TRANSFER DEGREE PROGRAM 1ST YEAR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Summary of Units (Modules) Module Subjects Credits Semester Offered CPE 1002 Chemical Engineering Design Chemical Process Principles 1 3 1 Chemical Process Principles 2 3 2 Engineering Design 3 2 CPE 1003 Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics Fluid Mechanics 3 2 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 3 2 CPE 1004 Chemical Engineering Science Physical Chemistry 3 1 Chemical
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Fluid Catalytic Cracking Fluid catalytic cracking* (FCC) is the most important conversion process used in petroleum refineries. It is widely used to convert the high-boiling hydrocarbonfractions of petroleum crude oils into more valuable [1][2][3] gasoline‚ olefinic gases and other products. . Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons for conversion of heavy fractions into lighter fractions was originally done by thermal cracking which has been almost completely replaced by catalytic cracking because
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