hydroxyl group (-OH) is called a carboxyl group (carb from carbonyl and oxyl from hydroxyl group). Carboxylic acid may be an aliphatic or an aromatic depending upon whether –C–OH is attached to an alkyl group ( or a hydrogen atom) or an aryl group. Their general formulas are; ALIPHATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID: R–C (O)–OH where R=H or an alkyl group. Example: AROMATIC CARBOXYLIC ACID: Ar–C–OH where Ar is a phenyl or aryl group. Examples: CLASSIFICATION: Carboxylic acids are further classified as ; Mono
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85°C which is very close to the theoretical melting point of Fluorenone which is about 83 °C. Since the melting point was off by about 1.5°C it is assumed that some sources of error was obtained in the experiment. Since there was very little of the alkene in the sample‚ and none of it eluded out‚ it may have been stuck in the stationary phase. Hence when the ketone passed through the stationary phase it may have gotten contaminated leading to the error. Also all of the MTBE may not have evaporated
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Ethers have much lower boiling points compared to alcohols of comparable MWs. BPs of ethers increases with increasing MW. BPs of isomeric ethers increase with increasing alkyl chain length. BPs of ethers are about the same as those of alkanes of comparable MWs. Solubility of ethers in water is comparable to that of alcohols. As chain length of ethers increases‚ solubility in water decreases. Branching of the alkyl chain results in greater solubility since London forces are weaker
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permanganate was added. Permanganate’s color changed from purple to brown‚ and bromium’s color changed brown to colorless‚ it became color solution which was light yellow. INTRODUCTION One of the most useful and general methods of preparing alkenes or olefins is based on the dehydration of alcohols with acids. Strong acids such as sulphuric and phosphoric acids are required to form the oxonium ion from which the hydronium ion is eliminated. “This cyclohexene from cyclohexanol reaction belongs
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Although phenols are structurally similar to alcohols‚ they are much stronger acids‚ however they are weaker acids compared to carboxylic acids. In the experiment‚ the following samples of aldehydes are used‚ 1) Benzaldehyde It is the simplest aromatic aldehyde. It is employed to confer almond flavor. It is used chiefly as a precursor to other organic compounds‚ ranging from pharmaceuticals to plastic derivatives. 2) Formaldehyde It is the simplest form of aldehyde‚ also called methanal
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Biodegradation of Hydrocarbons from Crude Oil by Pseudomonas putida A Project done under the guidance of Dr. K. Bharathi Department of Biotechnology. Submitted to the faculty Of Department of Biotechnology National Institute Of Technology‚ Warangal (A.P) Submitted By Febin P. Nalpady‚ Anzal Rahman‚ Shruti Sharma‚ Sindhuja Nandiraju‚ Giraboina
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dispersion forces). The magnitude pof Van der Waals force depends on the relative molecular mass‚ high mass produces a larger force. Boiling points of the alkanes data and alkenes data These very clearly illustrate the effect of increasing Van der Waals attractions as the relative molecular mass increases. The influence of branching in the alkanes can also illustrate the effect of different surface areas on the Van der Waala forces (the more branching the lower the b.p) Dipole-dipole forces --
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Introduction Discovered by Georg Wittig in 1954‚ the Wittig reaction is a robust organic synthesis method for preparing stereospecific alkenes. In general‚ Wittig reactions involve an aldehyde or ketone and a Wittig reagent (triphenylphosphonium ylide) and result in the formation of an alkene product and triphenylphosphine oxide (side product). Stereospecific alkene products can be synthesized by adjusting the reaction reagents and conditions. In the 60 years since the Wittig reaction was discovered
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1. A student neglected to add sodium carbonate when extracting the tea leaves with hot water. Yet a very high yield of caffeine was obtained. The crystals melted at 202-214°C. Explain. • The sodium carbonate is supposed to be added when extracting the tea leaves with hot water in order to help purify the caffeine. So since the student neglected to add sodium carbonate the caffeine won’t be pure but the student would still be able to recover a large amount of caffeine. The literature melting point
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2013). This reaction is best used for making six membered rings with different functional groups. The reaction is called a 4+2 cycloaddition because a ring is formed by four pi electrons in the diene interacting with two pi electrons of the alkene or alkyne (Wade‚ Jr.‚ 2013). In this experiment anthracene was used as the diene and considered to be electron rich in the reaction. Maleic anhydride was the electron poor dienophile used in the reaction. The reaction converted two pi bonds into two sigma
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