also wasted in the Erlenmeyer flask and some on the filter paper used to dry it. IR analysisThe IR result from this experiment shows no significant stretches infrequency higher than 2000 cm-1 except for a trough at 3052.68 cm-1 that indicates an aromatic ring bond to hydrogen (Ar-H). Most of the expected stretches in this IR are in between 1652.41
Premium Carbonyl Aldehyde Benzene
1) What is the purpose of ice or cold water? To cool down the gas so that it condenses and turns into a liquid. 2) when the gas collecting tube is upside down‚ give a property of this gas. It is less dense than air. 3) Why is a pencil used in drawing the origin line in chromatography? If pen was used‚ it will dissolve giving colours and so‚ the experiment won’t be accurate. Pencil doesn’t interfere with the results. 4) When using ethanol‚ give a better apparatus arrangement‚ and why? Cover
Premium Sulfuric acid Hydrochloric acid Acid
Synthesis of trans-9-(2-Phenylethenyl)anthracene Introduction The purpose of this experiment was to convert carboxyl compounds into alkenes. While this reaction yields both the E and Z isomers‚ it is preferred over other reactions due to the lack of uncertainty of where the double bond is positioned. Also the stability of an ylide determines which isomer is the major product. 1 Experimental: Compounds Benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride 9-Anthraldehyde 50% Aqueous NaOH DCM Product Formula weight
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Carbon
is usually illustrated by alkanes due to their C-C single bond. It is usually represented using the Newman projection. eclipsed staggered anti-staggered gauche-staggered chair boat The second type of stereoisomerism is geometric isomerism which is common in alkenes. Geometric isomers differ in physical properties such as melting points and boiling points. ex. cis (same side) trans (opposite side) For alkenes where cis-trans configuration
Premium
to the aldol condensation which is followed by elimination. In this reaction E and Z isomers of phenylcinnamic acid are created using benzaldehyde and acetic anhydride. The intermediate product is acetic phenyl acetic anhydride. Benzaldehyde is an aromatic compound that Results: The reaction involves the use of benzaldehyde with acetic anhydride which gave the phenylacetic acid which would be used with in the farther steps of the reaction to produce the E and Z phenylcinnamic acid. The mechanism
Premium Benzene Proton Acetic acid
Discussion The reaction through which 4-mrthaoxyacetophenone is converted to 4-methoxybenzoic acid is a haloform reaction. This reaction involves two distinct stages that occur in the same environment. The first stage occurs through the based-catalyzed halogenation of the ketone that forms a trihalo ketone. First‚ the bleach is transformed into chlorine and hydroxide ions through the following reaction: Then‚ the hydroxyl is able to attack the rather acidic (pKa ~ 20) α-hydrogen of the ketone
Premium Chlorine Hydrogen Acid
CE : Section 5 Fossil Fuels 1. 93 1(c) Alkenes can be obtained from petroleum fractions by a process called ’cracking’. Using a suitable petroleum fraction‚ a student carried out this process in the laboratory and collected the gaseous product over water. (i) What is ’cracking’ ? (ii) Draw a labelled diagram of a laboratory set-up that can be used for carrying out the process and collecting the gaseous product. (iii) An important safety precaution in the experiment is to prevent sucking
Premium Petroleum Oxygen Coal
intermediates to produce other functional groups (e.g.‚ amines‚ esters‚ and alkenes). Alkyl halides have the general formula RX (where R= alkyl/substituted alkyl group and X = F‚ Cl‚ Br‚ or I.) They are insoluble in water and sulfuric acid and are soluble in organic solvents.[3] They are synthesized for their many uses. There are several ways by which alkyl halides can be synthesized. Some of those are halogenation of alkanes with Cl2 or Br2‚ addition of HX to
Premium Alcohol Ethanol Distillation
Abstract In the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-Ibuprofen‚ the compound is synthesized in nonracemic form directly from an achiral precursor. First‚ racemic ibuprofen was converted to aN achiral ketene via the acid chloride by adding thionyl chloride followed by triethylamine. Then‚ ketene was reacted with a chiral and nonracemic (S)-ethyl lactate produces a mixture of diasteromeric esters of ibuprofen derivatives where (S) configuration is predominantly. Finally‚ hydrolysis of the ester then provides
Premium Hydrogen chloride Ester Solvent
Essential oils are volatile components associated with the aromas of seeds‚ bark‚ or roots of plants. In this experiment‚ the essential oil eugenol was isolated from ground cloves using steam distillation techniques. Eugenol had a high boiling point‚ but it was isolated at a lower temperature by performing a co-distillation with water‚ a process known as steam distillation. This technique allowed the desired material to be distilled at a lower temperature than 100℃. The point of the steam distillation
Premium Distillation