w w w e tr .X m eP e ap UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education .c rs om *2925136620* CHEMISTRY Paper 3 (Extended) 0620/33 May/June 2012 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number‚ candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs
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cyclohexene with water. The formation of product cyclohexene which is reweight and adding of bromine the last reagent for confirming that is alkene known as bromine test which leads to colour changes. Yet this experiment reflects some important discussion and conclusion for the formation of cyclohexene. INTRODUCTION One of the common ways of preparing an alkene is through the dehydration of an alcohol. Cyclohexanol‚ the reagent of this experiment‚ is used in the production of nylon‚ paints‚ plastics
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Product The terminal alkene is the least substituted and therefore the least favored. 3) The starting alcohol consisted of a mixture of stereoisomers. Draw all the possible stereoisomers of 2-methylcyclohexanol. 4) The reaction you carried out is considered to be reversible. Write an equation for the equilibrium constant (Keq) for the reaction in terms of the concentrations of reagents. Give 2 reasons why your reaction favored the formation of alkenes. We were removing
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bond. Both of the reactants are non-polar but there is an induced polarity during the reaction due to the electron-rich site at the double bond‚ which results in bromine acting as an electrophile. In this reaction‚ the cinnamic acid reacts as an alkene. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with a carbon-carbon double bond. In a double bond‚ a pair of electrons lies between the carbon atoms in a σ bond and the other pair of shared electrons lie above and below the plane in a π bond. This electron rich
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Polymerization reaCTIONS polymers are high-molecular-weight compounds‚ fashioned by the aggregation of many smaller molecules called monomers. Ex. plastics that have so changed society and the natural and synthetic fibers used in clothing are polymers. Classification of polymers Homopolymers - consist of repeated long chains or structures of the same monomer unit. Ex. PVC(polyvinyl chloride) Copolymers - polymers that consist of more than one molecule. Trimers - molecules consisting
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Part I (20 marks) – Multiple Choice (2 marks each). Use the structure below to answer questions 1-7. 1. How many degrees of unsaturation are found in the above compound? a) 2 2. c) 4 d) 5 e) 6 What term best describes the alkene in the above compound? a) R 3. b) 3 b) S c) Z d) E e) trans What is the configuration of the chirality centres (stereocentres) labelled 1 and 2 in the above compound? a) 1 is R and 2 is S b) 1 is R and 2 is R c) 1 is S and
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Formation of an Alkene by Alcohol Dehydration Lab Report Balanced Chemical Equation for the Main Reaction Mechanism The acid-catalyzed dehydration of secondary and tertiary alcohols involves non-isolable carbocation intermediaries. In the first step of the of the reaction mechanism below‚ a phosphoric acid catalyst adds a proton to the oxygen atom of the alcohol to form an oxonium ion. The OH is converted to a better leaving group as the positive charge on the oxygen weakens the carbon-oxygen
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Experiment 2: Fractional Distillation of a Mixture of Two Unknowns Background: Boiling is a process familiar to anyone who has cooked pasta or brewed tea. As heat is applied to a pan of water‚ the temperature of the water increases until it reaches 100°C (212°F). At this temperature‚ additional heat causes the water to bubble vigorously as the liquid water is converted into gaseous water‚ or steam. Most organic liquids will behave in a similar fashion. On heating‚ the temperature of the liquid
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Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4. It is the simplest alkane‚ and the principal component of natural gas. Methane’s bond angles are 109.5 degrees. Burning methane in the presence of oxygen produces carbon dioxide and water. The relative abundance of methane makes it an attractive fuel. However‚ because it is a gas at normal temperature and pressure‚ methane is difficult to transport from its source. It is generally transported in bulk by pipeline in its natural gas form
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Synthesis‚ Recrystallization of β-D-Glucose Pentaacetate from its Original D-Glucose and it comparison with literature though Melting point‚ TLC‚ IR‚ 1H and 13C NMR Abstract: The synthesis of the product: β-D-glucose pentaacetate is done though the acetylation using acetic anhydride with D-glucose with the help of sodium acetate. The recrystallization of the product is done though a polar solvent like water. The Result of this experiment has a percentage yield of 61% and analytical methods
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