desktop publishing‚ which led to commoditization of the services‚ competition was more based on quality than on price. As a small agency‚ it is also probable that Colorscope could be more flexible in meeting specific demand and provide more tailored services to the few customers it served‚ compared to the large printers which would have a bigger and more bureaucratic organization. 3. What you have done above is a “full-cost” analysis. This is in contrast to a “direct-cost” analysis that ignores overhead
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rising cost of health care are aimed at reducing medical resource consumption rates. These approaches may be limited in effectiveness because of the relatively low variable cost of medical care. Variable costs (for medication and supplies) are saved if a facility does not provide a service while fixed costs (for salaried labor‚ buildings‚ and equipment) are not saved over the short term when a health care facility reduces service. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relative variable and fixed costs of inpatient
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CHAPTER 12 PRICING DECISIONS AND COST MANAGEMENT 12-1 The three major influences on pricing decisions are 1. Customers 2. Competitors 3. Costs 12-2 Not necessarily. For a one-time-only special order‚ the relevant costs are only those costs that will change as a result of accepting the order. In this case‚ full product costs will rarely be relevant. It is more likely that full product costs will be relevant costs for long-run pricing decisions. 12-3 Two examples of pricing decisions with
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of automobile tires; other users are from various industries. In 1986‚ Rubber group contributed 0.8 billion which is 46 percent of the company annual sale. The operation of the group is divided into four divisions‚ NASA (North America and South America) and EROW (Europe and rest of the world)‚ Research department and Global Marketing department. NASA and EROW operate as profit centers each produce butyl and halobutyl dedicated to regional customers. Both of the centers have relatively flexible producing
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manufacturing cost categories: Direct Materials Cost: The materials that go into final product are called raw materials. Direct Labor Cost: The term direct labor is reserved for those labor costs that can be essentially traced to individual units of products. Direct labor is sometime called touch labor‚ since direct labor workers typically touch the product while it is being made. Manufacturing Overhead Cost: Manufacturing overhead‚ the third element of manufacturing cost‚ includes all costs of manufacturing
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_____________ 1. | Which of the following is not another name for the term manufacturing overhead? | A) | Factory overhead | B) | Pervasive costs | C) | Burden | D) | Indirect manufacturing costs | 2. | Which one of the following is an example of a period cost? | A) | A change in benefits for the union workers who work in the New York plant of a Fortune 1000 manufacturer. | B) | Workers’ compensation insurance on factory workers’ wages allocated to the factory. | C) | A box cost associated
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COST ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION MEANING DEFINITIONS TYPES OF COSTS MONETARY COSTS REAL COSTS OPPORTUNITY COSTS ECONOMIC COSTS ACCOUNTING COSTS INCREMENTAL COSTS SUNK COSTS FUTURE COSTS PRIVATE‚ EXTERNAL AND SOCIAL COSTS FIXED / SUPPLEMENTARY / OVERHEAD COSTS VARIABLE / PRIME COSTS REPLACEMENT COSTS PRODUCTION COSTS SELLING COSTS CONTROLLABLE COSTS DIRECT COSTS INDIRECT COSTS SHORT RUN COSTS CURVES LONG RUN COSTS CURVES OBJECTIVES To understand the meaning of cost. To discuss different types
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Ronald Coase noted‚“The cost of doing anything consists of the receipts that could have been obtained if that particular decision had not been taken.” For example‚ the opportunity set for this Friday night includes the movies‚ a concert‚ staying home and studying‚ staying home and watching television‚ inviting friends over‚ and so forth. The opportunity cost of taking job A included the forgone salary of $102‚000 plus the $5‚000 of intangibles from job B. Opportunity cost is the sacrifice of
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activity. True False 2. In a performance report‚ actual costs should be compared to budgeted costs at the original budgeted activity level. True False 3. The overhead spending variance and the overhead efficiency variance are useful only if variable overhead really should be proportional to the activity measure that is being used in the flexible budget. True False 4. The variable overhead efficiency variance reflects how efficiently variable overhead resources were used. True False 5. A reason
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accounting profits and economic profits for Gomez’s pottery. Explicit costs: $37‚000 (= $12‚000 for the helper + $5‚000 of rent + $20‚000 of materials). Implicit costs: $22‚000 (= $4‚000 of forgone interest + $15‚000 of forgone salary + $3‚000 of entreprenuership). Accounting profit = $35‚000 (= $72‚000 of revenue - $37‚000 of explicit costs); Economic profit = $13‚000 (= $72‚000 - $37‚000 of explicit costs - $22‚000 of implicit costs). 8-4 (Key Question) Complete the following table by calculating
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