THE EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY OF CONCRETE BLOCK IN AMERICA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION BY JAMES P. HALL CHAIRED BY ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DUNCAN C. CAMPBELL‚ MSHP BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE‚ INDIANA APRIL 2009 2 THE DEVELOPMENTAL HISTORY OF CONCRETE BLOCK IN AMERICA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENETS For the degree MASTER
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High Volume Fly Ash Concrete(HVFC) INTRODUCTION Concrete is the most commonly used construction material; its usage by the communities across the globe is second only to water. Customarily‚ concrete is produced by using the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as the binder. The usage of OPC is on the increase to meet infrastructure developments. The world-wide demand for OPC would increase further in the future. It is well-known that cement production depletes significant amount of natural resources
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past on these test is in th e following two points: 1. Difficulties in molding (Getting good specimens). 2. Large variability of test results. It is important that the resul tant mixture (Cement + sand + water) has the same properties as concrete. So the standard sand was chosen and the following properties were determined to it: 1. Consist of pure siliceous material. 2. The particles are nearly spherical shaped. 3. The size of its particles is smaller than 0.85mm (Pass through 15
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Prestressed concrete construction Prestressed concrete Prestressed concrete is a method for overcoming concrete’s natural weakness in tension. It can be used to produce beams‚ floors or bridges with a longer span than is practical with ordinary reinforced concrete. Prestressing tendons (generally of high tensile steel cable or rods) are used to provide a clamping load which produces a compressive stress that balances the tensile stress that the concrete compression member would otherwise
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SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE Masahiro OUCHI 1 SUMMARY Self-compacting concrete was first developed 1988 in order to achieve durable concrete structures. Since then‚ various investigations have been carried out and the concrete has been used in practical structures in Japan‚ mainly by large construction companies. Investigations for establishing a rational mix-design method and self-compactability testing methods have been carried out to make the concrete the standard one. Keywords: self-compacting
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in the area of civic buildings. What distinguishes Roman architecture is its technical advances which allowed the Romans to define space uniquely and impressively only using materials as simple as bricks and concrete. A civilisation known for its efficiency‚ the Romans developed concrete as a building material as it was durable‚ strong and economical‚ and particularly well suited in the construction of large-scale buildings. Such buildings as the Temple of Diana (ca.80 CE) in Nimes used cut-stone
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Magan Agarwal Binani Cement Limited Key factors that control the compatibility between Naphthalene-based super plasticizers and ordinary Portland cements Synopsis: Super plasticizers improve the workability of concrete at low water cement ratio but this workability is sometimes lost rapidly in the first hour after contact between the cement and water. This is especially the case for naphthalene-based and melamine-based superplasticizers when used with the so called incompatible cements. It
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Consolidation of plastic concrete is termed as compaction. In the process of compaction‚ efforts are only directed to reduce the voids in the compacted concrete. Compaction of concrete can be done either manually or mechanically. When it is done manually it is called hand compaction or tamping‚ and in second case it is termed as machine compaction. Hand compaction: Hand compaction is done with the help of steel tamping rods‚ or timber screeds. Marrow and deep members are compacted with tamping
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object thereby strengthening it. The idea of pretensioned concrete has been around since the late 19th century‚ but its use was limited by the quality of materials available at the time. It wasn’t until the 1920s that materials of a suitable quality were available in sufficient quantity to allow pretensioned concrete to be used with confidence. The pioneers of this field were Freyssinet‚ Magnel and Hoyer. Description: In pre-tensioned concrete tensile elements such as cables‚ ribbons‚ or rods are clamped
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Engineering B45 Concrete Lab Report Introduction: Concrete is a mixture of sand and rock or similar inert material (aggregates) held together by a cementing material. Usually the cementing material is Portland cement‚ but sometimes binders such as asphalt or gypsum are used‚ in which case the concrete may be called asphaltic concrete or gypsum concrete. Properties of concrete are governed not only by the properties of its ingredients (cement‚ water‚ sand‚ and coarse aggregate) but also‚ to a great
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