Journal of Cleaner Production 11 (2003) 667–676 www.cleanerproduction.net The use of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) for identifying environmental costs Christine Jasch ∗ ¨ Institute for Environmental Management and Economics‚ IOW‚ Rechte Wienzeile 1915‚ A-1040 Vienna‚ Austria Received 28 August 2001; accepted 27 June 2002 Abstract The Expert Working Group on “Improving the Role of Government in the Promotion of Environmental Management Accounting (EMA)” was set up by the
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Definition and explanation of mixed or semi variable cost: A mixed cost is one that contains both variable and fixed cost elements. Mixed cost is also known as semi variable cost. Examples of mixed costs include electricity and telephone bills. A portion of these expenses are usually consists line rent. Line rent normally is fixed for each month. Variable portion consists units consumed or calls made. The relationship between mixed cost and level of activity can be expressed by the following equation
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budgets. 3. The costs of direct materials are classified as: A. Choice A B. Choice B C. Choice C D. Choice D 4. The three basic elements of manufacturing cost are direct materials‚ direct labor‚ and: A. cost of goods manufactured. B. cost of goods sold. C. work in process. D. manufacturing overhead. 5. 25. Prime cost consists of direct materials combined with: A. direct labor. B. manufacturing overhead. C. indirect materials. D. cost of goods manufactured.
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COST ACCOUNTING Select the one best answer for each: 1. Which one of the following would not be classified as manufacturing overhead? a. Indirect labor b. Direct materials c. Insurance on factory building d. Indirect materials 2. Prime costs of a company are $3‚000‚000‚ manufacturing overhead is $1‚500‚000 and direct labor is $750‚000. What is the amount of direct materials? a. $1‚500‚000. b. $750‚000. c. $2‚250‚000.
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activity-based costing and the creation of individual cost pools that will use direct labor hours (DLH)‚ material handling (MH)‚ and number of shipments (NS) as cost drivers. Data on the cost pools and respective driver volumes follow. Product Alpha Gamma Pool Cost Pool No. 1 (Driver: DLH) 200 1800 $420‚000 Pool No. 2 (Driver: MH) 15 10 $375‚000 Pool No. 3 (Driver: NS) 2‚000 18‚000 $20‚000 1. The overhead cost allocated to Alpha by using traditional costing procedures
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The Problem of Social Cost I. The Problem to Be Examined1 This paper is concerned with those actions of business firms which have harmful effects on others. The standard example is that of a factory the smoke from which has harmful effects on those occupying neighboring properties. The economic analysis of such a situation has usually proceeded in terms of a divergence between the private and social product of the factory‚ in which economists have largely followed the treatment of Pigou in
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Cost/Benefit Analysis Evaluating Quantitatively Whether to Follow a Course of Action You may have been intensely creative in generating solutions to a problem‚ and rigorous in your selection of the best one available. However‚ this solution may still not be worth implementing‚ as you may invest a lot of time and money in solving a problem that is not worthy of this effort. Cost Benefit Analysis or CBA is a relatively* simple and widely used technique for deciding whether to make a change. As its
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managerial accounting concepts in the banking industry. Viewing managerial accounting from the perspective of the banking industry provides a unique opportunity to explore the development of the internal reporting structure. While the use of internal cost and profitabiHty reports is widespread in merchandising‚ manufacturing‚ and other service industries‚ banks have historically focused only on overall profitability. The reason is simple. In the past‚ interest rates‚ branch locations‚ and service offerings
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colossal giants crumbling to their knees. The prime aim is to throw light at the subtle inconsistencies that can cost the companies far more than just money but their entire image. The asset of ‘good will’ has its nemesis in these unethical practices surfacing. Management accountants work inside a company‚ handling all internal accounting data. These individual often allocate production costs‚ create management reports and provide support for managerial decisions. Ethical issues can result from managerial
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Cost Benefit Analysis What is cost benefit analysis? Cost benefit analysis (COBA) is a technique for assessing the monetary social costs and benefits of a capital investment project over a given time period. The principles of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) are simple: 1. Appraisal of a project: It is an economic technique for project appraisal‚ widely used in business as well as government spending projects (for example should a business invest in a new information system) 2. Incorporates
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