History of evolutionary thoughtFurther information: History of evolutionary thought The proposal that one type of animal could descend from an animal of another type goes back to some of the first pre-Socratic Greek philosophers‚ such as Anaximander and Empedocles.[11][12] Such proposals survived into Roman times. The poet and philosopher Lucretius followed Empedocles in his masterwork De Rerum Natura.[13][14] In contrast to these materialistic views‚ Aristotle understood all natural things‚ not
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Bio 311D Exam 1 2. Be able to use these terms correctly: DNA molecule‚ chromosome‚ chromatid‚ homologous pair. DNA molecule – A double-stranded‚ helical nucleic acid molecule‚ consisting of nucleotide monomers with a deoxyribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A)‚ cytosine (C)‚ guanine (G)‚ and thymine (T); capable of being replicated and determining the inherited structure of a cell’s proteins Chromosome - A cellular structure carrying genetic material‚ found in the nucleus
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producing a rose comb and r producing a single comb. If a pure-breeding black chicken with a rose comb is mated to a splashed-white chicken with a single comb in the F2 generation‚ what fraction of the offspring will be blue with single comb? 1/8 The speciation of cichlids of the same African crater lake is an example of sympatry. In Exhibit 13.4‚ homologous chromosomes are indicated by a and b In a pedigree chart‚ a male showing the specific trait being studied is indicated by a darkened square
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Evolution Test Notes Giulia Palazzo • THE HARDY- WEINBERG PRINCIPLE: - a mathematical equation created to predict genotype and phenotype frequencies in a population that is not experiencing any selective pressure‚ if model fails evolution must be occurring - Under Mendel’s model‚ the two alleles can be represented by... p + q = 1 (100% of the alleles in the population) where p is the dominant allele and q is the recessive allele - The genotypes can be represented by the equation (p+q)² = p² + 2pq
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Theories: unifying explanations of the natural world Proximate questions: deal with mechanisms. Don’t always need evolutionary explanations Ultimate questions: concerned with evolutionary origins and functions Induction: inference of general law from observations Hypothesis: possible explanation for observation Carolus Linnaeus: binomial nomenclature Nomenclature: system of rules for naming things Taxonomy: naming and classifying organisms Systematics: theory and practice of classifying organisms
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If evolution is descent with modification applied to life on Earth‚ then microevolution can be called the small‚ measurable evolutionary changes within a population while macroevolution is large evolutionary change over long periods of time - short term and long term/big picture evolution‚ essentially. Microevolution works on a single population’s genetics and could be said to be the status quo of evolution that occurs consistently and universally while macroevolution occurs over many years or as
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Evolution: descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from the present-day ones. Biology: the scientific study of life. Emergent properties: new properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life‚ owing to the arrangement and interaction of parts as complexity increases. Systems biology: an approach to studying biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the
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and that changes were due to the mechanical stimulations of the jaws‚ but not to nutritional composition. The result of jaw differentiation suggest that adaptive phenotypic plasticity of the Midas cichlid fish could be an important factor in its speciation. Introduction Adaptive radiation generally refers to an event in which a lineage rapidly diversifies into the newly formed lineages evolving different adaptations (1). Several factors trigger adaptive radiation‚ for instances‚ the organisms
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analyze how altering the finch’s environment would affect the evolution of the finches by isolating each population of finches from each other‚ placing them each on a different island. This influence on the species by the environment is called allopatric speciation. One population of the finches that are located Darwin Island‚ which is 1 km‚ and the other population of finches are located on Wallace Island‚ which is about half the size of Darwin island. I have altered the environments of the finches
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Bio152 Final Exam Review Essay Questions: Quest 1-2: Describe the fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane structure and list the major components of the membrane. How did scientists discover that the membrane was “fluid”? Explain one experiment that we discussed. • The fluid mosaic model of plasma membrane was the idea that lipids or proteins could move in the membrane laterally. The plasma membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer and controls a lot of what goes in and out of the membrane by the
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