Bicycle Background Bicycles are one of the world’s most popular modes of transportation‚ with some 800 million bicycles outnumbering cars by two to one. Bicycles are also the most energy-efficient vehicle—a cyclist burns about 35 calories per mile (22 calories per km)‚ while an automobile burns 1‚860 calories per mile (1‚156 calories per km). Bicycles are used not only for transportation‚ but for fitness‚ competition‚ and touring as well. They come in myriad shapes and styles‚ including racing
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whereas only small deformations result for twinning. 7.39 An undeformed specimen of some alloy has an average grain diameter of 0.050 mm. You are asked to reduce its average grain diameter to 0.020 mm. Is this possible? If so‚ explain the procedures you would use and name the processes involved. If it is not possible‚ explain why. Yes‚ it is possible to reduce the average grain diameter of an undeformed alloy specimen from 0.050 mm to 0.020 mm. To do this‚ plastically deform the material at room
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Class 1 Metallic bonding: Found in metals and alloys‚ 1‚ 2‚ or 3 valence electrons that are not bound to any particular atom in the solid. They drift throughout the entire metal. This results in a sea of electrons. These free electrons result in good electrical and heat conductivity. Coordination number is 8 or 12 (number of nearest neighbors). Ionic Bonding Found in compounds that are composed of both metallic and nonmetallic elements. Metallic element gives up valence electrons to the
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Report Use of Smart Materials in Aerospace Industry List of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1. Purpose 4 2. Background 4 3. Scope 4 2. Types and Applications of Smart Materials 1. Piezoelectric Material 5 2. Shape Memory Alloys 14 3. Magnetostrictive Materials 20 4. Rheological Fluids 22 3. Discussion 25 4. Conclusion 26 5. References 27 Abstract This report will cover the different types of smart materials‚ and their applications in the aerospace
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metals were known at antiquity "gold‚ copper‚ iron‚ lead‚ mercury‚ silver and tin". Later on metals were combined into alloys like bronze that is formed by a combination of copper and tin. Platinum and zinc are one of the few discoveries of metals before the industrial age where an important development occurs for a purer smelting‚ hotter furnaces and a greater control of alloys. Alchemy was a chemical philosophy in order to turn basic metals to gold. It began in the medieval Arab world and the
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manufacture of sulphuric acid 9.1.4 Environmental pollution by sulphuric acid 9.2 Ammonia and its salt 9.2.1 Properties of ammonia 9.2.2 The uses of ammonia 9.2.3 The industrial process in manufacture of ammonia 9.3 Alloys 9.3.1 Physical properties of pure metals 9.3.2 Meaning and purpose of making alloys 9.4 Synthetic polymers 9.4.1 The meaning and types of polymers 9.4.2 Advantages of synthetic polymers 9.4.3 Environmental pollution caused by synthetic polymers 9.4.4 Methods to overcome the environmental
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Properties required 1. Low density = light weight 2. High strength 3. High corrosion resistance 4. High toughness 5. High fatigue limit 6. Sustainable Frame materials Some of the materials that are used to make bicycle frames include Steel‚ Aluminium alloys‚ Titanium and Carbon fibre. Below is a brief description of Steel‚ Aluminium and Titanium in relation to bicycle frames. Thereafter is a more detailed study and comparison of each of the different properties of a bicycle frame under the candidate
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both causes the higher yield strength into the material. (Smith) 1 In this experiment all the necessary steps to implement a natural and artificial aging is done as follows (Fig 1): In the first step that is called solution treatment‚ the alloy (AL-4Cu) is heated up to the alpha region (Fig 1‚ and Fig 4 Appendix)‚ and soaked there for enough time to get a homogenized solid solution of alpha. Second‚ the Aluminum sample is quenched into water in order to form a supersaturated solid solution
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Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 10 (2011) 1232–1237 Procedia Engineering 00 (2011) 000–000 Procedia Engineering www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia ICM11 Statistic characteristics of fatigue properties in magnesium alloy S. Mohda‚c‚ *‚ Y. Otsukab‚ Y. Miyashitab‚ Y. Mutohb a Department of Materials Science‚ Nagaoka University of Technology‚ 1603-1 Kamitomioka‚ Nagaoka 940-2188‚ Japan b Department of System Safety‚ Nagaoka Universty of Technology‚ 1603-1 Kamitomioka
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References: Hua‚ Qin. “Influence of alloy elements and pouring temperature on the fluidity of cast magnesium alloy.” Department of Mechanical Engineering‚ Shanghai University‚ Shanghai‚ China; 18 March 2006. V.A. Sintsov. “Effect of pouring temperature and heat treatment temperature on the properties of casting in steel.”
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