December 5‚ 2001 Alternatives to incarceration Ever since the first prison opened in the United States in 1790‚ incarceration has been the center of the nation’s criminal justice system. Over this 200 year period many creative alternatives to incarceration have been tried‚ and many at a much lower cost than imprisonment. It wasn’t until the late 1980’s when our criminal justice systems across the country began experiencing a problem with overcrowding of facilities. This problem forced lawmakers
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A disaster is a sudden‚ calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human‚ material‚ and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources. Though often caused by nature‚ disasters can have human origins. There can be two kinds of disasters Natural Disaster –naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by onset events which can be geophysical (earthquakes‚ landslides‚ tsunamis
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extremely useful means of communication. Mobile phone is the most popular means of communication. Mobile phone is an electronic telecommunications device that has the same basic capabilities with conventional fixed-line telephone‚ but it can be taken anywhere. This communication tool allows us to communicate directly without having to meet. Now this mobile phone developing with fitted the Internet‚ cameras‚ video‚ music players and other advanced facilities. The development of communication technology
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Chernobyl Disaster Chernobyl nuclear plant is one of the biggest disasters in history! It happened on April 26‚ 1986. It was a nuclear radiation disaster. About 4‚000 people died. All the survivors suffered from the radiation side affects for the rest of there lives. This also ruined the environment! The nuclear plant exploded exactly at 1:23 A.M. The explosion killed two people. Then radiation started pouring out of the reactor. There were 134 emergency workers that got involved trying
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| | |Global problems of ecology................................................................................................... |3 | |Worst man-made environmental disasters of all time............................................................ |4 | |Bhopal |
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Introduction Various disasters like earthquake‚ landslides‚ volcanic eruptions‚ fires‚ flood and cyclones are natural hazards that kill thousands of people and destroy billions of dollars of habitat and property each year. The rapid growth of the world’s population and its increased concentration often in hazardous environment has escalated both the frequency and severity of natural disasters. Asia tops the list of casualties due to natural disaster. Among various natural hazards‚ earthquakes
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ter 1 CHAPTER 1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT An Introductory 1.1 Disasters – The Indian Scenario India supports one-sixth of the world’s population on just 2% of its landmass. It suffers heavily from natural disasters of every shade and description hits the poorest of the poor and which is why the considerations of disaster safety deserves prime attention. A High Powered Committee (HPC) of the Government of India‚ in its report submitted to the Government of India in October 2001‚ outlined the huge
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Alternatives to Spanking Considering the significant evidence that discourages the use of spanking as a disciplinary method‚ it is essential to understand the various alternatives to spanking that can prove to be more effective. Morin (2015) is of the view that there are several strategies that can help in conditioning behavior of children towards positivity and avoid spanking. The first and most effective alternative to spanking is the use negative consequences as a strategy. This involves teaching
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of time for their offenses. Their levels of security and prison design are more intense than the minimum security prisons. The effectiveness of prisons has decreased due to progressive overcrowding‚ and the lack of conclusive alternatives. The need for alternatives has grown immensely over the last decade. Nonetheless‚ the State and Federal governments are desperate for competent‚ less expensive solutions. Costs of keeping a prisoner imprisoned vary among states and facilities. Each prisoner
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* Access model * A model that explores how an individual or groups relative resilience to disasters is impacted by differences in access to the economic or political resources needed to secure a livelihood. * The strengths of the model are that it provides a broad view of vulnerability including root causes‚ it gives weight to natural hazards‚ and it provides a framework for looking at livelihoods and vulnerability. * The limitation of the model‚ is that it is a tool for explaining
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