JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LIII‚ NO. 4 • AUGUST 1998 Agency Costs‚ Risk Management‚ and Capital Structure HAYNE E. LELAND* ABSTRACT The joint determination of capital structure and investment risk is examined. Optimal capital structure ref lects both the tax advantages of debt less default costs ~Modigliani and Miller ~1958‚ 1963!!‚ and the agency costs resulting from asset substitution ~Jensen and Meckling ~1976!!. Agency costs restrict leverage and debt maturity and increase yield spreads
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1. Bob’s Warehouse has a pre-tax cost of debt of 8.4 percent and an unlevered cost of capital of 14.6 percent. The firm’s tax rate is 37 percent and the cost of equity is 18 percent. What is the firm’s debt-equity ratio? | 0.76 | | 0.82 | | 0.79 | | 0.87 | | 0.72 | 2. Johnson Tire Distributors has an unlevered cost of capital of 11 percent‚ a tax rate of 34 percent‚ and expected earnings before interest and taxes of $1‚400. The company has $2‚700 in bonds
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Cost of Capital questions and practice problems Questions 1. What does the WACC measure? 2. Which is easier to calculate directly‚ the expected rate of return on the assets of a firm or the expected rate of return on the firm’s debt and equity? Assume you are an outsider to the firm. 3. Why are market-based weights important? 4. Why is the coupon rate of existing debt irrelevant for finding the cost of debt capital? 5. Under what assumptions can the WACC be
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Case Study –Nike‚ Inc.: Cost of Capital FIN202a-Spring 2011 1. Please define Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). Write down the WACC formula‚ and discuss its components. WACC (Weighted Average Cost of Capital) is a market weighted average‚ at target leverage‚ of the cost of after tax debt and equity. It is a critical input for evaluating investment decision‚ and typically the discount rate for NPV calculation. And it serves as the benchmark for operating performance‚ relative to
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T-4 Failure to identify and document cost estimating standards and provide written policies and procedures to persons responsible for preparing‚ supporting and reviewing cost estimates. T-10 Excessive reliance on individual personal judgement where historical experience or cost estimating standards are available. THREATS NEIGHBORHOOD SERVICES DEPARTMENT: T-6 Inadequate staff training in the preparation‚ review and approval of cost estimates. T-5 Inadequate staff training in the preparation
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along with the further clarification on the cost of capital using DCF approach. The cost of capital is a term used in the field of financial investment to refer to the cost of a company’s funds‚ both debt and equity‚ or from an investors’ point of view‚ the shareholders required return on a portfolio of a company’s existing securities. It is used to evaluate new projects of a company as it is the minimum return that investors expect for providing capital to the company‚ thus setting a benchmark that
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Executive Summary: The purpose of this paper is to identify the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) in relation with the firm value. Also‚ there are some aspects discussed in the paper regarding when a firm should accept a project and when to reject. Systematic risk will be also discussed in the paper concerning their target market and how risky is that. Finally‚ the approach that BlackBerry took into consideration to overcome their risk. Discussion: All companies’ assets are financed by
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H. J. HEINZ: ESTIMATING THE COST OF CAPITAL IN UNCERTAIN TIMES Heinz is an established processed food manufacturing giant‚ with $10 billion in revenues and 29‚600 employees around the globe. Heinz operates in over 200 countries. The company is organized into business segments based on regions: North American consumer products‚ Europe Foodservice‚ Asia Pacific and the rest of the world. Around 60% of the company revenues were from outside United States and the company is increasingly focusing on
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Mortensen estimate Midland’s cost of capital? What would be the potential consequences of a too high estimate compared to the firm’s “true” cost of capital? What about a too low estimate? The purpose is that the cost capital will be used for capital budgeting‚ financial accounting‚ performance assessment‚ stock repurchases estimations. Also the cost of capital is a necessary basis for the expected growth and forecasted demand. The too high estimated cost of capital means that Midland may miss out
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1974‚ pp. 48-54 Stancu‚ S.‚ Predescu‚ M.O.‚ „The Choice of an Optimal Portfolio on the Romanian Capital Market under Uncertainty and Risk Terms‚ in the Actual Era of E-Business”‚ The Proceedings of the ninth international conference on informatics in economy‚ Bucharest‚ Romanian‚ 2009‚ pp. 206-211 Stancu‚ S.‚ Predescu‚ M.O.‚ „Genetic Algorithm for the Portfolio Selection Problem on the Romanian Capital Market”‚ Proceedings of International Conference on Engineering an Meta-Engineering‚ Orlando‚ USA
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