Cost Control and Cost Reduction A business enterprise must survive‚ grow‚ and prosper. Cost Control and Cost Reduction are activities necessary for ensuring that these objectives are fulfilled. With the liberalization of the Indian Economy and Globalization‚ there is now a cut throat competition from various concerns of the world. As a result there is now a race to secure a place for survival. This has increased the importance of cost control and Cost Reduction. Cost Control “Cost control
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CHAPTER 1 The Basic Theory of Human Capital 1. General Issues One of the most important ideas in labor economics is to think of the set of marketable skills of workers as a form of capital in which workers make a variety of investments. This perspective is important in understanding both investment incentives‚ and the structure of wages and earnings. Loosely speaking‚ human capital corresponds to any stock of knowledge or characteristics the worker has (either innate or acquired) that contributes
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Colleen Irwin March 14/11 Tommy Douglas’ “Capital Punishment” focuses on the negatives aspects of the death sentence in Canada. “I am in favour of the motion to abolish capital punishment and I am also supporting the amendment to put it on a five-year trial basis” (Tommy Douglas 558). Being a person who lives abroad in the public with millions of others‚ I must say I disagree with Douglas’ argument as to abolishing the punishment‚ as I feel having capital punishment would indefinitely reduce the murder
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CAPITAL GAINS According to income tax act 1961 ‘capital gains’ is the fourth head of income. Any profit or gains arising from the transfer of capital assets during the P.Y. shall be chargeable to income tax under the head capital gains and shall be deemed to be the income of P.Y. in which the transfer took place. Thus from a plain reading – Profits or gains earned on the sale of capital assets by an assessee during the P.Y. is called as capital gains. Meaning of Capital Asset: Capital asset means
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different quality material from standard; Buying materials from a non‑usual source due to urgency; Utilising different labour from standard; Price changes due to economic conditions; scarcity of supplies; Choosing to incur additional discretionary fixed costs; More (or less) overtime hours used than budgeted. 2. Efficiency/usage/quantity variances: Standard is out of date‚ set without due care; Inefficient use of material/labour‚ deliberate or otherwise; Poor supervision/equipment/maintenance.Changes in
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Capital Valuation FIN419 May 22‚ 2012 Dan O’Shea Capital Valuation Write a 1‚050- to 1‚750-word paper in which you justify the current market price of the organization’s debt‚ if any‚ and equity‚ using various capital valuation models. Complete the following in your paper: The valuation of a company is planning‚ making decisions‚ and strategy. A way of building confidence and worth in a company is by putting a value on it‚ so that it shows sustainability. We will use the P&G annual report
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106155 Mr. Robert AP English Language and Composition‚ Period 6 6 June 2012 Capital Punishment The most important intangible to Americans is arguably our liberty. The year 1776 marked the first‚ but not nearly the last time that Americans would fight a war for freedom‚ and it was during this tumultuous time‚ at the end of the eighteenth century‚ that America won its freedom from their tyrannical oppressors‚ and over the course of the next two-hundred and thirty-six years America would continue
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COST CONCEPTS AND COST ACCOUNTING By: Aman Jawahar Sarika Deepak Muneer CONTENTS Concept of Cost Cost Accounting Terms in Cost Accounting Elements of Cost Meaning of Overheads Classification of Costs Methods of Costing Types of Costing MEANING: Cost Concept: The term ‘cost’ means the amount of expenses [actual or notional] incurred on or attributable to specified thing or activity. Cost means ‘the price paid for something’. Cost Accounting: Cost Accounting is concerned with recording
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A review of capital structure theories 1.0 Introduction One of the most contentious financial issues that have provoked intense academic research during the last decades is the theory of capital structure. Capital structure can be defined as a ’Mix of different securities issued by a firm’ (Brealey and Myers‚ 2003). Simply speaking‚ capital structure mainly contains two elements‚ debt and equity. In 1958‚ through combining tax and debt factors in a simple model to price the value of a company‚
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Capital Budgeting Introduction Capital budgeting decisions are the most important investment decisions made by management. The objective of these decisions is to select investments in real assets that will increase the value of the firm. (Kidwell and Parrino‚ 2009) Project Classification Types * Replacement projects are expenditures necessary to replace worn-out or damaged equipment. * Cost reduction projects include expenditures to replace serviceable but obsolete plant and equipment
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