To make cost estimates‚ project managers use cost analysis; a discipline that attempts to forecast the ultimate cost of a project. The difficulty about this analysis‚ especially for complex projects‚ is that there are a lot of uncertainties about cost items such as technology‚ productivity of human resources‚ economic conditions‚ market conditions‚ prices‚ inflation and other future risks and events. In general uncertainty occurs for a number of reasons: • Uniqueness (no similar experience) ⁎ Corresponding
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manufacturing costs. Under variable costing only variable manufacturing costs are included as inventoriable costs. Under absorption costing both variable and fixed manufacturing costs are included as inventoriable costs. Fixed marketing and distribution costs are not accounted for differently under variable costing and absorption costing. 9-2 The term direct costing is a misnomer for variable costing for two reasons: a. Variable costing does not include all direct costs as inventoriable costs. Only variable
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Direct Cost 2. Indirect Cost 3. Cost Object 4. Cost Driver 5. Cost Allocation 6. Cost Sheet 7. Semi variable cost 2. Write a detailed note on Target Costing. (DEC‚ 2010) 3. Write a note on methods of absorption of overheads. (DEC‚ 2010) 4. Write a note on classification of overheads. (DEC‚ 2010) 5. Write short notes on the following: i. Product Costs ii. Period costs iii. Out of pocket cost iv. Sunk Costs v. Opportunity cost vi. Replacement cost vii. Joint cost (DEC‚ 2011)
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budget can be prepared for any level of activity‚ but once a budget is set the budget figures are not changed if actual activity later proves to be different than budgeted activity. True False 2. In a performance report‚ actual costs should be compared to budgeted costs at the original budgeted activity level. True False 3. The overhead spending variance and the overhead efficiency variance are useful only if variable overhead really should be proportional to the activity measure that is being
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Receivable 4‚150 Increase in Inventories 5‚900 Decrease in Salaries Payable 1‚130 11‚180 Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities P153‚850 COST VOLUME PROFIT 1. Melanie Company produces a merchandise that has the following data: Unit Sales price P80 per unit Unit vairiable costs P48 per unit Total fixes costs P640‚000 per annum Units sold during the current year P25‚000 units
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hand‚ Alaska uses many standard parts but has a complex assembly and testing process. MaxiFlow requires direct materials costs which total $135 per unit‚ while Alaska’s direct materials requirements total $110 per unit. Direct labor costs per unit are $75 for MaxiFlow and $95 for Alaska. Auerbach Enterprises uses machine hours as the cost driver to assign overhead costs to the air conditioners. The company has used a company-wide predetermined overhead rate in past years‚ but the new controller
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term manufacturing overhead? | A) | Factory overhead | B) | Pervasive costs | C) | Burden | D) | Indirect manufacturing costs | 2. | Which one of the following is an example of a period cost? | A) | A change in benefits for the union workers who work in the New York plant of a Fortune 1000 manufacturer. | B) | Workers’ compensation insurance on factory workers’ wages allocated to the factory. | C) | A box cost associated with computers. | D) | A manager’s salary for work that is
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Wikipedia‚ the free encyclopedia An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists). Oligopolies can result from various forms of collusion which reduce competition and lead to higher costs for consumers. [1] With few sellers‚ each oligopolist is likely to be aware of the actions of the others. The decisions of one firm therefore influence and are influenced by the decisions of other firms. Strategic planning by oligopolists needs to
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Cost Accounting - Chapter 1 1. Flexibility is said to be the hallmark of modern management accounting‚ whereas standardization and consistency describe financial accounting. Explain why the focus of those two accounting systems differs. Financial accounting is more about the bigger picture—it evaluates the finances of the organization as a whole‚ using historical‚ quantitative‚ monetary‚ and factual data. It is more formal and requires the use of GAAP. The information financial accounting
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INTRODUCTION Realised-profit‚ matching-based‚ historical cost accruals accounting (HCA) has for over fifty years been repeatedly challenged as being an inadequate basis for the measurement of "income" which reports increments in the value of businesses. Such challenges continue unabated and are made by both accounting standards regulators and by academic commentators. Despite its obvious deficiencies for measuring valuation based income‚ and subject to concept of prudence‚ internationally HCA remains
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