Weighted Average Cost of Capital Introduction and objectives This paper aims at describing a way to compute the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC). This method is often used by company management to determine the economic feasibility of different projects and thus to compute the NPV of a specific project by discounting cash-flows. The WACC determines the return that the company should generate to satisfy its debt-holders. For the company‚ it consists in a tool for projects decision-making
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X. Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) The valuation of Abercrombie & Fitch Co. is based discounting future cash flows and economic profit‚ for that the weighted average cost of capital is needed. The WACC is the opportunity cost when investing in Abercrombie & Fitch Co. opposed to other investments with a similar risk. Investors want their return to excess the WACC before it can be considered a good investment; since people in general are risk averse‚ they want compensation for taking on risk
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more or less 22 million clients worldwide through four key business lines: * Canadian Personal and Commercial Banking including TD Canada Trust and TD Auto Finance Canada * Wealth and Insurance including TD Waterhouse‚ an investment in TD Ameritrade‚ and TD Insurance * Wholesale Banking including TD Securities * U.S. Personal and Commercial Banking including TD Bank‚ America’s Most Convenient Bank and TD Auto Finance U.S. Adjusted Present cards thirty-one‚ 2013‚ TD had CDN $818 billion
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Executive Summary: In mid-1997 Joe Ricketts the Chairman and CEO of Ameritrade‚ decided that Ameritrade’s new mission would be to become “the largest brokerage firm worldwide based on the number of trades.” In order to accomplish this mission Ameritrade would need to invest significantly in technology and advertising. This strategy would require large expenditures relative to Ameritrade’s existing capital. In order to gauge the financial impact of these large expenditures‚ there needed to be
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Ameritrade is formed in 1971‚ and is a pioneer in the deep-discount brokerage sector. In march 1997‚ Ameritrade raised $22.5 million in an initial public offering. Management at Ameritrade is considering substantial investments in technology and advertising‚ but is unsure of the appropriate cost of capital. Estimating the cost of capital 1. Since we do not have the beta for Ameritrade‚ we need to find comparable firms for which we could compute the betas. There are several candidates in the
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Cost of Capital at Ameritrade 1) Briefly describe the project that Ameritrade is considering In order to maintain its competitive edge in the discount brokerage market‚ Ameritrade is considering making major investment state of the art technology that can prevent system outages and guarantee 100% reliability. The new system would enable Ameritrade to follow its mission of becoming the largest brokerage firm based on the number of trades. As part of the project the firm would also invest in a new
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= 10/80 = 0.125 Common: E/V = 50/80 = 0.625 = [0.250 6% (1 – 0.35)] + [0.125 8%] + [0.625 12.0%] = 9.475% 6. Executive Fruit should use the WACC of Geothermal‚ not its own WACC‚ when evaluating an investment in geothermal power production. The risk of the project determines the discount rate‚ and in this case‚ Geothermal’s WACC is more reflective of the risk of the project in question. The proper discount rate‚ therefore‚ is not 12.3%. It is more likely to be 11.4%. 7. The flotation
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Jack in the Box decreased in re-cent years. The ratio is below one and shows a conservative attitude in operation and may slow down the growth of the company. The Calculation of WACC Table 5 Equity Debt Pref. E Weight 75.58% 24.42% 0.00% Cost 10.96% 1.84% 0.00% W x C 8.28% 0.45% 0.00% WACC 8.73% WACC=Weight of Equity * Cost of Equity+ Weight of Debt * Cost of Debt + Weight of Pre-ferred Equity* Cost of Pref. E Table 6 Cost of Debt (After-tax) 1
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capital structure. They might have a certain debt to equity ratio they wish to maintain‚ or perhaps there would be covenants put on their contracts requiring them to maintain a certain debt to equity ratio while their loan was outstanding. Ameritrade should use a 6.10% risk free rate when calculating its cost of capital. This is the average of the 20 year bond annualized yield to maturity (on August 31‚ 1997) and the long term historical average annual return (from 1929 1996). The long term
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1) What factors should Ameritrade management consider when evaluating the proposed advertising program and technology upgrades? Why? Strategic evaluation 2) Ameritrade does not have a beta estimate as the firm has been publicly traded for only a short time period. What comparable firms do you recommend as the appropriate benchmarks for evaluating the risk of Ameritrade’s planned advertising and technology investments. Beta: 1) which firms to use as a benchmark and why 2) Calculate beta
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