Rules for aromaticity 1. A cyclic planer structure and each atom must have a P orbital so that the electron cloud is not intterupted 2. It must contain an odd number of electron pairs ▪ i.e. the number of electrons must be 4n+2 where n=0‚1‚2‚3‚4……… ▪ so the number of electrons is 2‚6‚10‚14‚18……. ▪ this rule is called the Hückel’s Rule • monocyclic hydrocarbons with alternating single and double bonds are called annulenes • annulenes are named as [n]-annulene
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13C-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ ppm (chart 7) revealed the existence of the following signals δ 108.82 (CN)‚ 113.28‚ 114.81‚ 117.96‚ 120.09‚ 121.99‚ 123.33‚ 124.56‚ 129.13‚ 129.71‚ 129.88‚ 130.32‚ 137.35‚ 137.51‚ 147.59‚ 159.9‚ 161.47 (aromatic carbons)‚ 162.43 (CO amide). The mass spectrum (chart 8) supported the structure of compound 1b‚ where the mass spectrum for 1a with the molecular formula C21H15N3O3 the molecular ion peak [M+] exactly at (m/z) = 341.00‚
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In Japan‚ laws disallow anglers from getting M. kaempferi amide mating season in the early spring‚ from January until April‚ keeping in mind the end goal to keep up and to give common populaces the Species at opportunity to produce.Japanese spider crabs occupy Regularly The sandy and rough base of the Mainland
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Mutagens may be of physical‚ chemical or biological origin. They may act directly on the DNA‚ causing direct damage to the DNA‚ and most often result in replication error. Some however may act on the replication mechanism and chromosomal partition. Many mutagens are not mutagenic by themselves‚ but can form mutagenic metabolites through cellular processes. Such mutagens are called promutagens. [edit]Physical mutagens Ionizing radiations such as X-rays‚ gamma rays and alpha particles may cause DNA
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Organophosphor ous and Carbamates Insecticides Reporters: Bacanto‚ Kharen Mae B. Mangga‚ Medelen V. Paquit‚ Ruby F. Organophosphorus insecticides • Organophosphorus insecticides are normally esters‚ amides‚ or thiol derivatives of phosphoric‚ phosphonic‚ phosphorothioic‚ or phosphonothioic acids. Most are only slightly soluble in water and have a high oil-to-water partition coefficient and low vapor pressure. • Organophosphates - are commonly used for small animals as flea and tick powders‚
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Ions Name Formula Name nitrate ClO4¯ perchlorate nitrite ClO3¯ chlorate chromate ClO2¯ chlorite dichromate ClO¯ hypochlorite cyanide IO 4¯ periodate permanganate IO 3¯ iodate hydroxide IO¯ hypoiodite peroxide BrO3¯ bromate amide BrO¯ hypobromite carbonate HCO3¯ hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) SO42¯ SO32¯ C2O42¯ PO43¯ PO33¯ sulfate sulfite oxalate phosphate phosphite HSO4¯ HSO3¯ HC2O4¯ HPO42¯ H2PO4¯ hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate) hydrogen sulfite
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Edexcel A2 Chemistry Questions and Answers Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Unit 4 Rates‚ equilibria and further organic chemistry Multiple-choice questions ..............................................................................7 Structured questions . . . . . . . . . . . .
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AMINO ACIDS SUSMITA DAS SWAPNA MONDAL OBJECTIVES To study about Amino acids. To study the classifications of amino acids based on different headings. To study the functions of amino acids. INTRODUCTION Amino acids:• Amino acids are monomers of protein. • Amino acids are group of organic compounds which contain two functional groups. One is Amino group(NH2) and the other is Carboxyl group(COOH). • Proteins are broken down into amino acids on hydrolysis. • Each amino acid also have a
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Preliminary Test and Solubility Classification of Organic Compound Keene Louise Topacio‚ Christopher Jay Robidillo Abstract The experiment focuses on how to classify organic compounds by its functional groups. It is done by preliminary test and with the solubility test. Preliminary test used two known compounds also the unknowns. Physical state‚ color‚ odor‚ and ignition test were noted. The known compounds are inorganic and organic compounds. A comparison is made from the observation in the unknown
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1 Measuring and calculating equilibrium constants Clearly‚ if the concentrations or pressures of all the components of a reaction are known‚ then the value of K can be found by simple substitution. Observing individual concentrations or partial pressures directly may be not always be practical‚ however. If one of the components is colored‚ the extent to which it absorbs light of an appropriate wavelength may serve as an index of its concentration. Pressure measurements are ordinarily able to measure
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